
憲法法庭三大法官蔡宗珍、楊惠欽、朱富美因未達法定評議門檻拒參與評議超過300天,但事後以個人名義發表『不同意法律意見書』刊於《台灣法律人》並授權法源法律網收取權利金,同時仍使用大法官職銜與『本席』等司法語彙,引發司法倫理與著作財產權爭議,司法界人士已檢舉請求調查。
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憲法法庭原有15名大法官,立法院修正憲法訴訟法要求至少10人參與評議且9人同意才能宣告違憲。當時僅剩8名大法官未達門檻,蔡宗珍、楊惠欽、朱富美因此拒絕參與評議,但事後仍以個人名義發表法律意見。
大法官蔡宗珍、楊惠欽及朱富美拒絕參與評議逾300天,先前卻屢在相關判決後屢發「不同意法律意見書」批判,因多出的「法律」二字,巧妙避開未參與評議即無從提出正式「不同意見書」限制。3人將文章刊於《台灣法律人》、授權「法源法律網」取得權利金收益,卻仍冠大法官職銜、使用「本席」等語彙,使外界難以區分究竟屬私人還是大法官職務的法律意見。
經本報查證詢問,法源已下架3名大法官先前另行發表的法律意見書;憲法法庭上週公布最新判決後,3人也未再如過去般另行發表意見。據了解,已有司法界人士致函檢舉,質疑3人對外發表法律意見,已涉及司法倫理及著作財產權爭議,請求斟酌召開自律會議,並交由政風單位調查;憲法法庭書記廳近日回函表示,將把檢舉內容轉呈大法官。
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三大法官拒絕參與評議,源於憲法法庭「5比3」分歧。立法院先前修正「憲法訴訟法」,要求至少10名大法官參與評議、9人同意才能宣告違憲,但當時僅剩8名大法官。蔡、楊及朱認為未達法定門檻,拒絕參與;另5人則於去年作成「114年憲判字第1號」判決,宣告修法違憲。此後,3人仍未參與評議,並曾在多件判決公布後另行對外發表法律意見。
依「憲法訴訟法」的意見書制度,大法官參與評議後,若對裁判主文或理由有不同意見,可依法提出正式「不同意見書」。蔡、楊、朱未參與評議,無從提出正式不同意見書,事後另發的「不同意法律意見書」,則屬裁判程序外的個人法律意見。兩者名稱僅差「法律」二字,法律性質卻不同。
以今年8月14日作成的「115年憲判字第6號」為例,憲法法庭官網該號判決「意見書」欄位僅收錄大法官呂太郎、蔡彩貞的協同意見書;蔡宗珍、楊惠欽、朱富美未參與評議,事後另對外共同提出64頁「不同意法律意見書」。
本報先前查詢法源法律網,發現這份64頁文件被收錄於「法學論著」,全文下載須支付256點,1點等同1元。資料來源標示「作者提供」,「編著譯者」均列蔡、楊、朱3人,「授權者」也分別列名3人。
類似情況並非僅此一件,法源另曾收錄「不同意115年憲判字第4號判決法律意見書」等文件,同樣由蔡、楊、朱共同提出,列入付費論著,部分文件也曾刊登於《台灣法律人》。
據了解,《台灣法律人》一般採邀稿制,文章刊登後若再提供法源使用,原則上會告知作者;若由期刊授權,法源「授權者」欄位也會直接列名期刊。本報調查,三大法官的法律意見並非由《台灣法律人》轉授權,法源頁面所列3名「授權者」,即為實際授權人,文件均由3人直接授權。
若文件屬三人私人著作,以本人名義刊登、授權並取得權利金,本身未必當然有問題;但他們一方面以私人著作名義處分文件、取得收益,另一方面又冠以大法官職銜、使用「本席」等司法語彙,使非正式裁判意見帶有現任大法官的司法權威,也容易讓外界誤認其具有正式裁判意見的性質。
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憲法法庭書記廳將檢舉內容轉呈大法官進行內部處理
Likely · Within weeks

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