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Back“消费入座”属商家自主安排还是变相设置最低消费?
“消费入座”属商家自主安排还是变相设置最低消费?
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中国新闻网30 minutes agoBusiness7 min readChinaView translation

“消费入座”属商家自主安排还是变相设置最低消费?

多地门店执行新规,孕妇、老人等群体可不消费进店,专家建议完善行业指引与司法标准

Quick Look

星巴克中国自10月22日起在全国门店实行消费入座,并发布《第三空间倡议》。宜家、霸王茶姬、皮爷咖啡等品牌也在部分门店明确座位使用规则。法律专家认为,以是否消费而非消费金额为条件的“消费入座”原则上合法,但若变相设置最低消费则无效。专家建议通过行业自律、行政规范、司法定标完善相关规则。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

星巴克中国于2026年10月21日宣布新规,自10月22日起全国门店实行消费入座,并发布《第三空间倡议》。此前,2025年7月皮爷咖啡在湖北、浙江等地部分门店已摆放“入店须知”表明需消费入座。2026年10月底,山东霸王茶姬门店和宜家上海徐汇商场也分别出台了相关座位使用规则。

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2026年10月31日15时许,天津市河东区一家星巴克门店内几乎坐满,店外几张空桌的桌角处立着“星巴克营业空间,请消费入座”提示牌。《法治日报》记者落座约10分钟后,一名店员轻声询问:“您好,请问您有点单吗?”

这一幕源于星巴克中国10月21日宣布的新规:自10月22日起,全国门店实行消费入座,同时发布《第三空间倡议》,就座位与公共区域使用、交谈音量、外带食品提出三条倡议。星巴克中国表示,伙伴(店员)会遵循友好、友善的沟通原则,遇到孕妇、行动不便者等顾客优先给予帮助。

该新规落地后,相关讨论持续升温。有消费者表示,“终于没有人在高峰期占座、拿着别家咖啡打游戏喧哗了”;也有人认为这样的规定“少了点人情味”,担心入座后被反复询问是否点单。争议的核心是,一杯咖啡换一个座位,究竟属于经营者的自主安排,还是变相设置最低消费?商家在“收回椅子”的同时,对孕妇、老人、短暂歇脚者等,该如何留出余地?《法治日报》记者就此展开采访。

门店执行留有余地

上述门店的提醒并不急促。记者落座后未立即点单,约10分钟后一名店员轻声提醒;下单后又过10分钟,另一名店员再次询问,核对取餐号后未再打扰。店外两人未点单,约15分钟内无人催促。

记者随后走访天津、北京两地的三家星巴克门店。其间有几位未点单入座的消费者被提醒,但未见店员催促推着婴儿车的父母、老年人或短暂歇脚的清洁员。“即便只点一杯,也可以坐很久。”采访中,一名店员说。

据星巴克中国方面及门店工作人员介绍,孕妇、行动不便者、外卖员、避雨路人、值班保安等有临时休息需求者,可不消费进店,照旧提供免费热水。

类似做法在其他品牌门店也有出现。据公开报道,2026年10月底,山东一家霸王茶姬门店桌上立着“消费入座”提示牌。该店工作人员表示,门店执行该规则,提示主要针对长期占位、自带外卖占座的情况,执行中会结合现场情况灵活处理,短暂歇脚的消费者不会被劝离。

同月底,宜家上海徐汇商场方面回应,餐厅近期出现长时间占座、喧哗、食用自带食物等非用餐行为,一定程度上影响了部分顾客的正常就餐,采取每周二和周四“用餐就座”引导。宜家方面表示,此举为该商场倡议,其他宜家商场餐厅尚未同步推行。

2025年7月,Peet’s Coffee皮爷咖啡在湖北、浙江等地部分门店外摆放“入店须知”,明确表明店内座位有限,需消费入座。

规则定性于法有据

“消费入座”也曾引起过争执。据媒体报道,2026年10月29日,江苏南京一家星巴克门店内,一名连续多日占座未消费的男子被店员提醒“这边需要消费入座”,该男子认为店员态度欠佳,投诉无果后报警,经民警调解离开。

商家为何要规定消费入座?这一规则与法律禁止的强制消费、最低消费之间,界限在哪里?

北京工商大学新商业经济研究院院长周清杰告诉记者,线下餐饮经营中,非消费人员长时间占座、自带食品饮品挤占经营空间的情况并不少见,一定程度会分流服务资源、影响消费顾客的就餐体验。商家出台这类规则,是为到店顾客维护整洁、安静、有序的就餐环境。这属于企业经营自主权范围内的管理行为。

从营商环境角度看,周清杰认为,餐饮门店推行消费入座是市场主体优化经营管理的尝试,更适合交由市场机制调节。“餐饮行业的核心竞争力终究在菜品品质与定价合理性。”他表示,商家执行过于强硬、欠缺服务温度,消费者会“用脚投票”;正常经营主体一般不会强制驱离,市场选择本身能实现自我纠偏。

《法治日报》律师专家库成员、北京大成律师事务所合伙人李泓轩介绍,《餐饮业促进和经营管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)第十六条规定,“禁止餐饮服务经营者设置最低消费”。该条禁止以消费金额作为提供餐饮服务的前提,而非禁止经营者对自有经营场所的使用作出安排。

李泓轩补充道,《办法》第二条第二款将餐饮服务经营活动界定为“通过即时加工制作成品或半成品、商业销售和服务性劳动等,向消费者提供食品和消费场所及设施的经营行为”,提供消费场所及设施本身即为餐饮服务的组成部分。《优化营商环境条例》第十一条规定,“市场主体依法享有经营自主权。对依法应当由市场主体自主决策的各类事项,任何单位和个人不得干预”。座位空间是经营者投入成本形成的经营性资源,其使用与分配属于自主决策事项。

李泓轩认为,“消费入座”以是否发生真实消费为条件,不以消费金额为条件。购买一杯最低价商品即可获得座位,付费义务与实际对价相对应,也不属于消费者权益保护法实施条例第十一条禁止的“以暴力、胁迫、限制人身自由等方式或者利用技术手段,强制或者变相强制消费者购买商品或者接受服务”的情形,原则上合法。

他同时提醒,合法性还取决于表述方式与实际效果。若规则表述为“每人最低消费××元”“入座须单笔消费不低于××元”,或名为“消费入座”、执行中以金额为门槛,则仍属设置最低消费。依据消费者权益保护法,此类内容对消费者不公平、不合理,无效;《办法》第十六条亦予以禁止。

担任十余家大型商场、连锁餐厅常年法律顾问的北京瀛和律师事务所高级合伙人季运达分析,消费后能“坐”多久不宜由法律法规统一规定,商家可结合业态、客流和峰谷时段调整,但应提前公示或告知。

季运达同时建议,消费入座应对老年人、孕妇、婴幼儿及其看护人、残障人士、身体突发不适者、短暂歇脚者以及避险者等情形予以考量。这既是法律和道德倡导的行为,也是企业履行社会责任的应有之义。

空间治理有待细化

据公开报道,继星巴克之后,宜家、霸王茶姬、皮爷咖啡等品牌均在部分门店明确了座位使用规则。从法治化营商环境建设的角度来看,是否有必要出台更细化的行业指引或统一裁判标准?

李泓轩认为,现行法律法规以消费者权益保护法及其实施条例等为基础框架,对“消费入座”“限时翻台”“外食管理”“劝离的合理限度”等具体空间管理规则尚未细化统一。这可能导致商家的探索游走在“合法自治”与“变相设限”的模糊地带,合规成本高、预期不稳定,不同地区、不同裁判者之间也可能尺度不一。

“商家需要更明确的合规预期。”李泓轩建议,从制度层面加以完善,可通过“行业自律、行政规范、司法定标”协同推进:行业协会出台自律指引,提供“消费入座、限时翻台、外食管理、包间计费”的合规模板和公示范本;市场监管、商务等部门发布规范性指引,明确合法边界,特别是变相设置最低消费的认定,明确公示方式、执行尺度;司法机关借助典型案例和司法解释,就“消费入座”“劝离的合理限度”“格式条款效力”等确立统一裁判标准。

季运达建议,相关规则宜通过行业倡议、指导意见等柔性措施进行引导。商业空间具有一定的准公共属性,但成本由商家承担,并不负有必须免费开放的义务;可在城市规划中增加公共空间供给,有助于避免将公共停留需求长期转嫁给商业主体。对承担更多公共职责的商家,属地政府可考虑予以扶持。

“消费入座等规则是市场内生的经营管理方式,其尺度调整与优化完善,都可以通过市场机制自主完成。”周清杰总结道,尊重市场规律、监管审慎包容,更有利于餐饮行业健康发展和消费营商环境优化。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 行业协会将出台消费入座等空间管理的自律指引和公示范本

    Likely · Within months

  • 市场监管、商务等部门将发布规范性指引,明确变相设置最低消费的认定标准

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 消费入座后顾客可坐多久,商家是否有统一时长标准?
  • 各地执行中对孕妇、老人等特殊群体的具体落实情况如何?
  • 行业自律指引和司法裁判标准何时出台?

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