Back普通县域停电首次被纳入事故分级管控
普通县域停电首次被纳入事故分级管控
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中国新闻网1 hour agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

普通县域停电首次被纳入事故分级管控

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国务院修订《电力安全事故应急处置和调查处理条例》,首次将县级市以外的其他县级行政区域大面积停电纳入事故分级管控,以2030年电网预测平均负荷为基数调整事故等级标准,对负荷180兆瓦以上的县域,发生电网减供负荷70%以上或80%以上供电用户停电的情形纳入一般电力安全事故实施管控,同时考虑不同县域自然条件、经济发展水平等差异,对负荷180兆瓦以下的边远地区暂不纳入事故定级范围,并将新能源并网带来的电压异常、发电设备脱网等风险纳入事故管控范畴。

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Why It Matters

近年来,随着我国电力事业快速发展特别是新型电力系统加快构建,电源构成更加多元,电网规模持续扩大,新型并网主体不断出现,电力安全保障面临新形势、新挑战,实施十多年的现行条例已不能完全适应实际需要。

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普通县域停电首次被纳入事故分级管控——

县域用电怎么管?新规来了

县域电网,一头连着城市,一头连着乡村。除了医院、学校等重要场所外,许多普通家庭对平稳用电也有强烈需求。

近日,国务院公布修订后的《电力安全事故应急处置和调查处理条例》(以下简称《条例》),首次将县级市以外的其他县级行政区域大面积停电纳入事故分级管控。这意味着,无论是一线城市还是偏远县城,停电事故认定有了“标尺”。

近年来,随着我国电力事业快速发展特别是新型电力系统加快构建,电源构成更加多元,电网规模持续扩大,新型并网主体不断出现,电力安全保障面临新形势、新挑战,实施十多年的现行条例已不能完全适应实际需要。

一方面,电网“长大”了,老标准已不再适用。

“2011至2024年,我国县级市用电负荷涨幅达165%,其他设区的市、省会城市、直辖市、省级区域用电负荷涨幅均超过120%,原有各级电网负荷定级区间已与当前电网规模不相匹配。”浙江大学电气工程学院教授林振智说。此外,从电力结构看,原有标准主要适配传统以火电为主的电力系统,对风电、光伏大规模并网带来的机组脱网、电压异常等新型安全风险缺乏充分规制。

另一方面,县域用电结构变得更加复杂。

伴随新型城镇化推进和乡村全面振兴,城乡居民生产生活对电力供应的依赖程度不断提高。县域用电新场景也在不断涌现。山东大学电气工程学院副研究员孙润稼分析,伴随分布式光伏、充电桩等新型主体大规模接入,县域用电模式加快向源网荷储多元互动转型,电网运行机理更为复杂。部分县域电网仍存在老旧设备占比偏高、极端气象灾害冲击风险突出等现实短板,发生大面积停电的风险客观存在。因此,修订条例恰逢其时。

新规针对县城用电,做了哪些规定?

首先,事故等级标准“从严、科学”调整。据介绍,修订后的《条例》以2030年电网预测平均负荷为基数,对各级电网负荷区间从严进行了调整,让事故认定标准更贴合实际、更具针对性。一方面,保持电网减供负荷比例和供电用户停电比例不变。另一方面,对各级电网负荷区间取值从严。

另外,县域停电首次纳入事故管控。这是此次修订的一大亮点。《条例》明确,对负荷180兆瓦以上的县级市以外的其他县级行政区域,发生电网减供负荷70%以上或者80%以上供电用户停电的情形,纳入一般电力安全事故实施管控。这是我国首次将县级市以外的其他县级行政区域大面积停电,纳入一般事故管控范畴。这意味着,县域停电不是“小事一桩”,一旦达到标准,就要按照新规定的程序报告、处置。

孙润稼认为,《条例》同时明确,对负荷180兆瓦以下的边远地区、人口规模较小、经济基础薄弱的县,作为电网风险实施管控,暂不纳入事故定级范围。这充分兼顾了不同县域在自然条件、经济发展水平、人口密度、电网架构等方面的差别。

《条例》也针对高比例新能源发电并网现状,作了相关规定。“针对新能源大规模并网带来的系统运行新特征,修订后的条例将电压异常、发电设备脱网、备用电源管理缺失等风险纳入事故管控范畴,压实发电企业涉网安全主体责任。”林振智说。《条例》完善了电压异常事故判定规则,新增发电设备涉网性能不符合技术要求导致减少出力的事故情形,还增设了发电设备备用期间擅自检修的事故情形。

“《条例》修订后,事故判定更加贴合当前电网规模、电源结构变化,有利于精准识别电力安全风险、客观开展事故调查处置,督促电网企业、发电企业、电力用户各方落实安全责任,为保障电力系统安全稳定运行、维护社会公共安全提供坚实的法治保障。”林振智说。

(本报记者 廖睿灵 人民日报海外版)

Open Questions

  • 修订后的条例何时正式施行?
  • 对负荷180兆瓦以下的边远地区,具体有哪些风险实施管控措施?
  • 新能源并网带来的电压异常等风险在事故管控中的具体操作标准是什么?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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