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Back有機不對稱合成 有助製藥、解釋生命起源
有機不對稱合成 有助製藥、解釋生命起源
Science
自由时报1 hour agoScience2 min readChina

有機不對稱合成 有助製藥、解釋生命起源

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今年諾貝爾化學獎頒給法國化學家凱根與日本化學家硤合憲三,表彰其在有機不對稱合成領域的貢獻。凱根發現「非線性效應」,硤合憲三發展出「自催化反應」。台灣學者指出,此研究不僅具工業與製藥價值,更有助解釋生命起源,因蛋白質主要成分胺基酸僅存在單一手性L型。早期藥物手性差異導致胎兒畸形的案例也被引用以說明手性的重要性。

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Why It Matters

有機不對稱合成是化學領域重要研究方向,涉及分子手性控制。過去曾因藥物手性異構體導致胎兒畸形事件(如沙利度胺事件),凸顯其在醫藥與工業中的關鍵性。今年諾貝爾化學獎聚焦此領域,標誌其持續重要性。

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今年諾貝爾化學獎頒給法國化學家凱根(Henri Kagan)和日本化學家硤合憲三(Kenso Soai),前者發現「非線性效應」,後者發展出「自催化反應」;國內學者分析,今年獲獎領域屬於「有機不對稱合成」,歷史上已第三次獲獎,兩人研究在工業、製藥上可省下鉅額成本,更有助解釋生命起源,十分神奇。

諾貝爾化學獎公布後,台灣科技媒體中心找來專家分析;中研院化學研究所研究員陳榮傑解釋,化學分子結構分「左旋」或「右旋」兩種「手性」差異,即便兩種的化學式一樣,卻有截然不同的味道或藥理,如左旋的檸檬烯香水是松木味,右旋檸檬烯則是柑橘味。同所副研究員謝俊結也舉例,早期孕婦喝下治療孕吐的藥物,有些竟生下基因畸形兒,這才發現該藥的手性有差別,一種可治療,另一種會致病。

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陳榮傑與謝俊結說明,「有機不對稱合成」的非線性效應是指化學合成的催化物純度與產物純度不同,打破傳統線性認知;自催化反應則是化學反應分子再「自我催化」後續反應,意即不須很純的催化劑,就能合成出單一手性產物,具工業及製藥價值。

而蛋白質可構成地球生命,主要成分為胺基酸,該胺基酸僅一種手性「L型」,今年諾獎研究可解釋此奧秘!陽明交通大學應用化學系系主任吳彥谷指出,高純度、單一手性的化合物,為地球生物特徵,在隕石樣本中不一定有手性。

硤合憲三卅年前曾訪台,台師大學化學系教授吳學亮指出,他的研究在工業製造相當有用,化學合成時的催化劑不需百分百純度,就能反應出高純度產物。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 未來數年內,有機不對稱合成技術將在新藥開發中獲得更廣泛應用,特別是在需要高手性純度的複雜分子合成上。

    Likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • 非線性效應與自催化反應在工業大規模應用的具體成本效益是多少?
  • 此研究如何進一步推動新藥開發?
  • 是否有其他生命分子(如糖類)也顯示類似單一手性特徵?

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