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Back川普3度點頭、為何盧特尼克卻遲不動手 ! 外媒一文驚爆「白宮內幕」
川普3度點頭、為何盧特尼克卻遲不動手 ! 外媒一文驚爆「白宮內幕」
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自由时报23 minutes agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

川普3度點頭、為何盧特尼克卻遲不動手 ! 外媒一文驚爆「白宮內幕」

評論質疑商務部長盧特尼克遲遲未將涉嫌將晶片轉運至中國的Megaspeed列入黑名單,並指出美國晶片出口管制存在重大漏洞。

Quick Look

輝達執行長黃仁勳因婚外情醜聞辭職,華盛頓郵報評論指出此事暴露美國晶片出口管制漏洞,並質疑商務部長盧特尼克遲遲未將涉嫌將晶片轉運至中國的Megaspeed列入黑名單,國會應追查相關利益衝突。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國自拜登政府推出先進晶片出口禁令以來,管制漏洞始終存在。晶片體積小、容易走私,加上經紀商、第三國中間商及海外資料中心,使先進技術的最終流向難以掌握。2024年的一項調查發現,與中國軍方有關的機構仍能取得已遭禁止出口的輝達先進晶片。

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輝達(NVIDIA)執行長黃仁勳因婚外情醜聞於週四(12日)宣布辭職,但《華盛頓郵報》發表評論指出,這場醜聞遠不只是婚外情與間諜疑雲,更暴露美國晶片出口管制存在重大漏洞,以及政府官員在是否堵住這些漏洞上,擁有過大的裁量權。

據《Axios》報導,美國多名政府官員上週在白宮戰情室與商務部長盧特尼克交鋒,要求推動相關限制措施,但他據稱以可能激怒中國為由提出異議,官員隨後將爭議提交至橢圓形辦公室,川普第三度同意採取相關措施,先前已分別於5月及8月表示支持。文中並指出,據稱在川普總統聽不到的地方,盧特尼克表示會「制定一些方案,然後再回復」。對此,商務部否認曾發生過這次對峙。

對此,《華郵》直言,美國晶片出口管制如今面臨一個問題,那就是商務部長盧特尼克(Howard Lutnick)。文中更質疑,盧特尼克毫不費力地援引國家安全為對加拿大鋼鐵和鋁製品徵收關稅辯護,為何如此不願將一家涉嫌將美國先進晶片轉移到中國的公司列入黑名單,難道中國對比加拿大來說,是更可怕的對手?

黃仁勳的婚外情對象黃樂(Alice Huang),曾任職於新加坡企業Megaspeed,於不到3年間採購逾46億美元(約新台幣1511億元)的輝達晶片。美國當局長期懷疑Megaspeed將晶片轉運至中國,相關疑慮早在一年多前便見諸媒體,但Megaspeed及輝達均否認不當行為,輝達更強調內部檢查未發現晶片遭轉運的證據。

評論指出,美國國務院、國防部、能源部及財政部均支持將Megaspeed列入貿易黑名單,但盧特尼克數月來遲遲未採取行動。據《Axios》報導,多名政府官員上週在白宮戰情室與盧特尼克交鋒,要求推動相關限制措施。

但盧特尼克據稱以可能激怒中國為由提出異議,官員隨後將爭議提交至橢圓形辦公室,川普第三度同意採取相關措施,先前已分別於5月及8月表示支持。不過,據報在川普不在場時,盧特尼克仍表示將研究其他選項後再作回應。美國商務部否認這場交鋒曾經發生。

《華郵》指出,黃仁勳長期反對限制對中晶片出口,認為將輝達排除於中國市場之外,反而會刺激中國發展本土替代產品,削弱美國科技優勢。儘管婚外情損害其公信力,但這項主張本身並非可疑,且符合輝達的商業利益。

然而,政府高層官員的責任並不只是創造股東價值。評論指出,美國自拜登政府推出先進晶片出口禁令以來,管制漏洞始終存在。晶片體積小、容易走私,加上經紀商、第三國中間商及海外資料中心,使先進技術的最終流向難以掌握。2024年的一項調查便發現,與中國軍方有關的機構仍能取得已遭禁止出口的輝達先進晶片。

文章質疑,盧特尼克曾以國家安全為由支持對加拿大鋼鋁課徵關稅,為何對涉嫌將美國先進晶片轉運至中國的企業,卻似乎如此不願採取限制措施?將企業列入黑名單屬跨部會決策,而非商務部長的個人特權。

評論強調,企業應在清晰的規則下競爭,而非爭取掌握出口許可權力的官員青睞。美國國會有責任追查盧特尼克與輝達之間的往來,包括他曾經掌管、目前由其兒子領導的金融企業Cantor Fitzgerald所披露的大量輝達持股。該公司表示,這些證券是代表客戶持有,並非不法行為的證據。

文章最後指出,川普政府對利益衝突採取過於寬鬆的態度,已使公眾信任付出代價,而如今,這筆代價正逐漸浮現。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國國會將調查盧特尼克與輝達之間的往來及利益衝突

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 川普政府可能會採取進一步的晶片出口限制措施

    Possible · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 盧特尼克為何遲遲未將Megaspeed列入貿易黑名單?
  • 盧特尼克與輝達之間的具體往來內容為何?
  • Cantor Fitzgerald持有的輝達股份是否涉及利益衝突?
  • 川普政府是否會採取進一步的晶片出口限制措施?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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