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Back自由開講》黃士修論述的3個邏輯缺口
自由開講》黃士修論述的3個邏輯缺口
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自由时报19 minutes agoPolitics7 min readChinaView translation

自由開講》黃士修論述的3個邏輯缺口

評析黃士修針對核電公投與再生能源的論述邏輯及能源政策的核心挑戰

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針對台灣核電公投進入公開論辯,作者林仁斌分析黃士修在評論反方代表、太陽光電與AI用電需求時的三大邏輯缺口,強調能源政策需經科學與制度檢驗。

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Why It Matters

國民黨日前召開「核能公投」記者會。核電公投進入公開論辯階段,各界正就重啟核電與再生能源發展進行辯論。

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◎ 林仁斌

國民黨日前召開「核能公投」記者會,國家政策研究基金會副董事長李鴻源(右起)、副執行長吳怡玎、核能流言終結者創辦人黃士修等人出席。(國民黨提供)

核電公投進入公開論辯階段,原本應是檢驗台灣能源政策論證品質的機會。

然而,黃士修近日評論反方代表,卻將代表資格、光電爭議與能源技術連結成一套政策論述,再從光電的限制推導重啟核電的必要性。問題是,質疑反方代表的資格,不能證明核電政策正確;指出太陽光電的缺點,也不等於完成核電重啟的論證。

第一個邏輯缺口,是以政治標籤取代專業檢驗

黃士修以「雜魚」、「粉專小編」等字眼貶抑反方代表,並藉其產業關係質疑立場與公信力。但政治參與、產業接觸與專業能力,本來就是不同層次的問題。若涉及利益衝突,就應提出股權、契約、報酬及決策關係等具體資料查證,而不是以標籤代替調查。

公民投票代表當然應接受社會檢驗,但標準應是論證品質、資料可靠性及政策責任。中選會已確認第22案正反方代表名單,五場意見發表會也將陸續登場。人民真正需要的,不是誰更擅長嘲諷對手,而是雙方能否提出可供檢驗的證據。

第二個邏輯缺口,是以光電個案及土地需求,否定整體再生能源方案

台灣地面型光電確實存在土地使用、生態保護、農漁業權益與開發利益分配等爭議,環保團體與業者也都應接受利益揭露及公共監督。但個別案場有爭議,不代表所有環保團體涉及利益輸送,更不能據此推論整個再生能源產業都是炒地皮。

黃士修以「太陽光電晚上沒有電」質疑屋頂型光電,這句話就發電特性而言沒有錯,卻不是完整的能源論證。現代電力系統本來就不是要求每一種發電設備獨立供應全天候電力,而是透過可調度電源、儲能、抽蓄水力、電網調度與需求管理互相支援。太陽光電白天出力較高,夜間需要其他資源補足;這是系統調度必須處理的問題,不是直接否定光電的理由。當然,儲能、電網與調度設施都有成本,也必須如實計算。

中研院淨零科技研究資料顯示,台灣地面型光電裝置密度約為每千公頃0.7GW,平均容量因子約13.35%。若以一部1GW核電機組、容量因子90%估算,年發電量約78.8億度;要達到相近年發電量,約需6.74GW太陽光電,若全採地面型,土地需求約96平方公里。但這只是年發電量換算,並不代表兩者具有相同的供電時序、調度能力或系統價值。拿「五分之三個台北市」比喻光電土地需求,若未交代比較的是單一核電機組或整座電廠,以及容量因子與土地密度等前提,就不能直接當成政策結論。

太陽光電白天出力較高,夜間需要其他資源補足;這是系統調度必須處理的問題,不是直接否定光電的理由;示意圖。(資料照)

第三個、也是最關鍵的邏輯缺口,是從AI需要穩定電力,直接推導核電重啟的必要性

AI資料中心與半導體確實需要大量、可靠且不中斷的電力,但真正重要的不只是全年用電量,還包括用電地點、尖峰負載、供電品質、備援能力與新增電力何時到位。台電也指出,隨著再生能源占比提高,供電調度的關注焦點逐漸由日間轉向夜間,必須透過燃氣機組、儲能、抽蓄水力及電網調度共同因應。

因此,AI需要電,不等於AI只能靠核電。核電具有穩定發電的特性,但既有機組重啟仍涉及設備改善、安全審查、運轉測試、法定許可、核廢料管理及成本;不能只談穩定供電的優點,卻不交代取得這份穩定必須付出的代價。對資料中心而言,真正重要的是在特定地點、特定時間取得可靠電力,而不是電源名稱聽起來有多穩定。

台電指出,隨著再生能源占比提高,供電調度必須透過燃氣機組、儲能、抽蓄水力及電網共同因應。(資料照)

負責任的能源政策,應比較不同供電情境:既有非核架構如何透過再生能源、儲能、燃氣與需求管理補強;重啟核電需要多少成本、時間及安全條件;新核能技術又面臨哪些工程、商業化與監管挑戰。每一種方案都應回答:能提供多少電力?何時可以供電?成本由誰承擔?風險如何分配?出了問題又由誰負責?

不能要求再生能源單獨證明全天候供電,卻不要求核電完整交代重啟時程、核安、核廢料與除役責任;也不能批評光電開發可能傷害環境,卻把核電的長期環境與世代責任排除在討論之外。不同能源可以有不同技術特性,但不能採用不同的證據標準。

11月28日的核電公投,可以表達人民對能源政策的意見,卻不能取代核安審查、成本評估與完整能源規劃。AI需要穩定電力,但台灣需要的不是先把核電設定為答案,再回頭尋找支持它的理由;而是先把需求、供給、成本、風險與責任攤開,再決定什麼樣的能源組合真正符合國家利益。能源政策不能靠嘲諷對手證明正確,核電也不能因為被稱為穩定能源,就免除接受科學、制度與公共責任檢驗的義務。

(作者為台灣永續治理論壇發起人、文化大學副教授)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 11月28日將舉行核電公投,表達人民對能源政策的意見。

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 重啟核電所需之成本、時間及安全條件為何?
  • 既有非核架構如何透過再生能源與儲能補強?

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