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Back鈀金暴跌30%藏危機!俄羅斯這座工廠一旦停產6週 供應過剩恐一夕歸零
鈀金暴跌30%藏危機!俄羅斯這座工廠一旦停產6週 供應過剩恐一夕歸零
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

鈀金暴跌30%藏危機!俄羅斯這座工廠一旦停產6週 供應過剩恐一夕歸零

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鈀金價格年內下跌約30%,市場聚焦電動車替代需求與供應過剩。俄羅斯諾鎳將全球約40%鈀金精煉產能集中於科拉半島蒙切戈爾斯克工廠,該廠距烏克蘭北部邊境約1750公里,已進入烏克蘭無人機遠程打擊範圍。若該廠停產6週,可能消耗預期2026年全球鈀金供應過剩量的全部,導致供需失衡。烏克蘭無人機已襲擊俄羅斯北極能源設施,顯示其打擊能力擴大,增加蒙切戈爾斯克工廠面臨風險。諾鎳2026年鈀金產量指引降至近20年低點,市場流動性有限或將放大供應衝擊影響。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

鈀金價格今年以來下跌約30%,市場主要關注電動車催化劑需求下降與供應過剩問題。俄羅斯諾鎳為全球主要鈀金生產商,近期將貴金屬精煉產能集中至科拉半島蒙切戈爾斯克工廠,該廠約佔全球產能的40%。烏克蘭無人機近期展現遠程打擊能力,已襲擊俄羅斯北極能源設施,顯示其威脅範圍擴大。

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鈀金價格今年以來大跌約30%,市場聚焦電動車替代需求與供應過剩之際,俄羅斯一項關鍵供應風險卻可能遭到低估。俄羅斯最大礦業冶金公司諾鎳(Nornickel)今年7月將全球約40%的鈀金精煉產能集中至科拉半島的蒙切戈爾斯克工廠。由於該廠距離烏克蘭北部邊境約1750公里,已進入烏克蘭無人機展現的遠程打擊能力範圍,一旦生產受到干擾,可能迅速改變全球鈀金供需平衡。

外媒報導,目前現貨鈀金報價約每盎司1154美元,較年初下跌約30%。根據諾鎳的市場預估,2026年全球鈀金供應過剩約30萬盎司,但蒙切戈爾斯克工廠每月產量估計約20萬盎司,若停產1個月,就可能消耗約3分之2的預期過剩量;若停產6週,供應過剩可能歸零。這意味著,即使工廠沒有遭到摧毀,只要發生設施受損或預防性停產,都可能對市場造成衝擊。

烏克蘭無人機遠程打擊能力的擴大,已讓俄羅斯北方重要設施面臨新的安全風險。今年9月9日,烏克蘭特種作戰部隊(SOF)表示,無人機飛行超過3000公里,攻擊俄羅斯亞馬爾-涅涅茨自治區兩處天然氣凝析油設施,分別是俄羅斯天然氣工業公司(Gazprom)位於新烏連戈伊的凝析油處理廠,以及Novatek位於塔爾科-薩利附近的普羅夫斯基工廠。

前者設計產能為每年1950萬噸,後者2025年處理凝析油1340萬噸。彭博與路透社均報導這起事件,俄羅斯總統駐烏拉爾聯邦管區全權代表阿爾喬姆.日加(Artem Zhoga)也證實,這是烏克蘭首次打擊北極地區。

烏克蘭特種作戰部隊指出,這些設施過去被俄方視為絕對安全的後方。然而,對金屬市場而言,除了北極能源設施受到攻擊,更值得關注的是位於科拉半島的蒙切戈爾斯克工廠。該廠距離烏克蘭北部邊境約1750公里,比此次北極打擊目標近約1000公里,地理距離上的差異,也讓市場開始關注其潛在風險。

諾鎳今年7月完成一項重要產能調整,將原本位於西伯利亞諾里爾斯克銅廠的部分貴金屬加工環節,轉移至科拉半島的科拉礦冶公司(Kola MMC),也就是蒙切戈爾斯克廠區。根據AK&M及芬蘭媒體Yle報導,該廠首席製程工程師表示,諾鎳所有鈀金精礦目前均在這座工廠加工,該廠約占全球鈀金產量的40%。

這項整合耗資約5億盧布,諾鎳表示,目的是提高金屬回收率並降低成本。不過,產能集中也意味著,一旦關鍵廠區發生意外,影響可能不再侷限於單一企業,而是擴大至全球鈀金供應。

科拉半島過去已有遭遇烏克蘭攻擊的先例。2025年6月,烏克蘭執行「蜘蛛網」(Spiderweb)行動期間,位於蒙切戈爾斯克以北約30分鐘車程的奧列尼亞轟炸機基地遭到攻擊。諾鎳也曾在2024年公開招標,為蒙切戈爾斯克的燃料儲罐及關鍵設施採購六套鋼纜防護裝置,並將其用途描述為防範來自不同目標的潛在動能攻擊。

除了地緣政治風險,諾鎳自身的鈀金產量也面臨壓力。公司對2026年鈀金產量的指引為241.5萬至246.5萬盎司,可能是近20年來最低水準。今年上半年產量年減14%,降至119.9萬盎司。諾鎳將減產歸因於礦石品位下降,以及被迫停用西方採礦設備,並表示相關產量要到2028年才能恢復。

根據諾鎳的市場報告,2026年全球鈀金供應量預估為940萬盎司,不含投資需求的消費量約910萬盎司,兩者相差約30萬盎司,形成預期供應過剩。不過,若再計入約30萬盎司的投資需求,市場實際上可能回到供需平衡。

諾鎳約占全球鈀金一次採礦供應量的40%,因此,蒙切戈爾斯克工廠的運作情況,可能成為左右供需變化的重要因素。供應緩衝空間有限,也讓短期生產中斷的影響更加顯著。

此外,市場流動性可能進一步放大衝擊。高盛大宗商品團隊在最新報告中指出,關稅風險已使大量貴金屬流入美國市場,且這些金屬可能長期留在當地,導致美國以外可用庫存趨緊。由於鈀金市場流動性相對有限,當投資資金重新流入,或供應端突然出現問題時,同等規模的資金變動可能帶來更大的價格波動。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 若蒙切戈爾斯克工廠因地緣政治事件導致停產超過4週,鈀金價格將在未來2個月內反彈至少15%

    Possible · Within months

  • 烏克蘭將繼續測試並可能擴大其無人機對俄羅斯北方設施的打擊範圍

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 烏克蘭是否具備精準打擊蒙切戈爾斯克工廠的情報與能力?
  • 諾鎳是否有備用產能或應對預防性停產的 contingency 計畫?
  • 若工廠停產,替代供應來源能否在短期內彌補缺口?
  • 市場對鈀金的投資需求是否會因價格波動而改變?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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