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Back中國債務占比逾300%!狂逼富豪補繳海外所得稅 難填財政缺口
中國債務占比逾300%!狂逼富豪補繳海外所得稅 難填財政缺口
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness4 min readChinaView translation

中國債務占比逾300%!狂逼富豪補繳海外所得稅 難填財政缺口

由於公共財政空虛,中國當局要求在海外有投資的富豪補繳拖欠的財產稅,引發富人群體不安。

Quick Look

因公共財政空虛與地方財政困境,中國當局近期盯上海外有投資的富豪,動用共同申報體系資料追繳境外投資產權稅,要求在10月底前補齊過去3到5年欠稅,引發富人群體恐慌與不安。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中國公民歷來有繳納全球所得稅義務,並於2018年加入共同申報體系。財政困境促使地方政府加強執行。

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由於公共財政空虛,在海外有投資的富豪成為中國政府下手的目標,有關當局要求他們補繳拖欠的財產稅。

瑞士《新蘇黎世報》(NZZ)近日發布題為「富豪成了政府追繳的獵物」報導指出,由於公共財政空虛,中國許多城鎮公務員的薪資都無法按時發放,在財政困境逼迫之下,「搞錢」成了各地方政府的當務之急,而在海外有投資的富豪成為他們下手的目標,有關當局要求他們補繳拖欠的財產稅。

報導指出,按照相關法律規定,中國公民歷來都有繳納所謂全球所得稅的義務,即在境外投資股票、債券、房地產或存款所獲得的收益。然而,直到不久前,投資人都可以輕易逃過納稅義務,因為中國政府部門並不清楚本國公民在海外的收益情形。

中國早在2018年就加入了所謂的「共同申報體系」 (Common Reporting System)。在這個體系下,參與國的銀行和資產管理機構會相互交換訊息,包括外籍人士的帳戶和收益情況等等。但直到最近,中國財政部門才對相關資料進行了評估,並初步掌握了本國公民拖欠稅款的大致規模。香港協力管理諮詢公司(Dezan Shira & Associates)合夥人Jennifer Lu表示:「中國已經從籌備階段進入了執行階段。」

過去25年當中,數十萬中國人跨入了富裕階層。2001年中國的平均收入還只有1000美元(約新台幣3.2萬元),現在則已飆升至1.4萬美元(新台幣44.6萬元)。目前,中國已經擁有500名資產超過10億美元(新台幣318.8億元)的富豪。他們的部分資產被投入倫敦的房地產、美國的股市或者西方藝術品收藏。僅在香港的銀行裡,中國人的存款數額就已經超過了1.7兆美元(新台幣54.2兆元)。

在政府的壓力之下,過去幾個月以來,中國眾多省份的稅務部門不斷向欠稅者寄信、打電話和發送簡訊。據媒體報導,一些稅務部門還成立了特別行動小組,專門負責搜尋億萬富豪的行蹤。

《新蘇黎世報》報導,由於當局要求在10月底之前補齊海外資產過去3到5年的拖欠稅款,不安情緒正在富人群體中快速蔓延,一些人甚至試圖通過更換國籍的方式來逃脫納稅義務。

報導說,最大的問題是如何確定納稅金額。有些人收到的補稅通知上羅列了明確的數額,有些人則只收到一份籠統的估算值。有關部門宣稱,估算的稅金可以作為雙方商談的基礎。中國稅務部門的操作方式似乎還沒有形成固定模式,但他們收繳拖欠稅款的決心顯然不容置疑。

許多海外投資人正在想方設法補齊稅款,有人借貸,有人試圖將部分境外資產轉回國內。但轉移資金並非易事。根據中國嚴苛的資金流動管制,每個中國人每年只能向境外匯出5萬美元(新台幣159.4萬元),收取境外匯款也以5萬美元為限。不過,一些省份已經發出訊號,願意放寬欠稅者的匯款額度,增加財政收入的前景顯然更有吸引力。

根據巴克萊銀行對所謂「極端情況」的推算,僅香港一地的中國投資人財產,就可以給中國政府帶來大約1000億元美元(約新台幣3.2兆元)的稅收。不過,即便在世界其他地區的海外投資也能為中國公共財政帶來類似規模的稅收,恐怕仍難以填補巨大的財政缺口。中國的債務總額已超過國內生產總值(GDP)的300%以上。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 富豪需於10月底前補齊海外資產過去3到5年的拖欠稅款

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 最終能追繳到多少規模的稅款?
  • 官方是否會全面放寬境外資金匯回的管制?

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