
湖南举行新闻发布会聚焦立冬与健康,专家详解糖尿病防治与科学管理
中南大学湘雅二医院副院长肖扬在湖南卫健委新闻发布会上表示,中国糖尿病患者已达2.33亿且年轻化。糖尿病可防可控关键在一个“早”字,并澄清了食疗替代药物、血糖正常停药、胰岛素成瘾三大误区。
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根据中国疾控中心慢病中心发布的研究报告,2023年中国糖尿病患者已达2.33亿,呈现年轻化趋势。
中新网长沙11月4日电 (付敬懿)普通人怎么做才能远离糖尿病?糖尿病患者如何在规范用药的基础上科学管理血糖?中南大学湘雅二医院副院长、代谢内分泌科主任医师肖扬4日表示,糖尿病可防可控的关键在一个“早”字,而诸如“食疗替代药物”“血糖正常就停药”“胰岛素会上瘾”等说法均为误区。
当日,湖南省卫生健康委员会举行“时令节气与健康湖南·立冬篇”新闻发布会,给“糖友”和家属划重点。据中国疾控中心慢病中心发布的研究报告,2023年中国糖尿病患者已达2.33亿,而且越来越年轻化,40岁以下人群的糖尿病患病率,比2005年增长了约3倍。
肖扬表示,中国糖尿病前期患病率高达35.2%,比确诊患者还多,而糖尿病患者里约六成人不知道自己已经患病,因为早期几乎没有感觉。而血糖的失衡可以概括为胰岛素抵抗、胰岛功能受损、并发症出现“三步走”。
长期热量过剩、肥胖特别是腹型肥胖、缺乏运动,身体对胰岛素的敏感性下降,血糖开始悄悄升高,这一阶段没有任何感觉;为了把血糖压下来,胰岛β细胞不得不加班加点分泌胰岛素,常年超负荷运转后功能逐渐衰竭,血糖开始明显失控;长期的高血糖会让人体各重要器官出现病变。
肖扬说,远离糖尿病的威胁要管住嘴、迈开腿、控体重、睡好觉、定期查,每周至少150分钟中等强度有氧运动,体重指数(BMI)控制在24千克每平方米以下,每晚保证7到8小时睡眠,有家族史、超重肥胖、高血压或血脂异常的人要更早查、查得更勤。
“食疗替代药物”“血糖正常就停药”“胰岛素会上瘾”,这些网传说法都是误区。苦瓜、秋葵、玉米须等食物本身属于低能量、高纤维的蔬菜,作为日常饮食的一部分对餐后血糖友好,但目前为止没有可靠证据证明它们能像药物一样有效降糖。饮食治疗是所有治疗的基础,但不能替代药物。
针对部分患者看到血糖达标便自行停药的做法,肖扬强调,血糖达标恰恰说明治疗有效,并不等于疾病痊愈。2型糖尿病属于进展性疾病,擅自停药后血糖往往迅速反弹,反复波动会加重氧化应激和血管损伤。是否需要减药或停药,必须由专科医生综合评估、逐步调整。
胰岛素是人体自身分泌的激素,不存在成瘾性。部分患者需要长期使用,是因为自身胰岛功能已明显衰退,需要外源补充。还有一部分新诊断、血糖明显升高的2型糖尿病患者,早期接受一段时间的胰岛素强化治疗,先把高糖毒性解除掉,让胰岛β细胞缓一缓、恢复一部分功能,之后完全有机会改回口服药。
糖尿病病友科学管理血糖,要做好定期测、看平均、并发症管理。只用口服药、血糖比较平稳的,每周测2到4次空腹或餐后血糖;用胰岛素的要测得更勤,且把结果记录下来,医生调药才有据可依。每3到6个月查一次糖化血红蛋白,血糖没达标或者正在调药的,3个月就要查一次。每年查一次眼底、尿微量白蛋白、足部,同时管好血压和血脂。

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