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Back德语媒体:财政吃紧 北京盯上了富豪们的境外资产
德语媒体:财政吃紧 北京盯上了富豪们的境外资产
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德国之声2 hours agoBusiness5 min readChinaView translation

德语媒体:财政吃紧 北京盯上了富豪们的境外资产

《新苏黎世报》报道称中国当局正追缴富豪海外投资欠税,同时德国对华贸易政策出现转向

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由于公共财政紧张,中国税务部门正大规模追缴富豪海外资产欠税。与此同时,德国总理默茨主张欧盟在贸易冲突中采取更强硬立场,标志着德国对华政策的根本性转向。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中国自2018年加入共同申报体系,近期开始评估海外资产数据。中国债务总额已超过国内生产总值的300%。

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(德国之声中文网)《新苏黎世报》发自北京的报道称,由于公共财政空虚,中国许多城镇公职人员的薪资都没法按时发放。财政困境逼迫之下,“搞钱”成了各地政府的当务之急。这篇题为《富豪成了政府追缴的猎物》的报道写道:

“当前大规模行动的针对目标,则是那些有海外投资的中国富豪。有关当局要求他们补缴拖欠的财产税。

按照相关法律规定,中国公民历来都有缴纳所谓全球所得税的义务,即在境外投资股票、债券、房地产或存款所获得的收益。不过直到前不久,投资者都可以轻易逃过纳税义务,因为中国政府部门并不知晓本国公民在海外的收益情形。

中国早在2018年就加入了所谓的‘共同申报体系’ (Common Reporting System)。在这一体系下,参与国的银行和资产管理机构会相互交换信息,包括外籍人士的账户以及收益情况等等。不过,直到最近,中国财政部门才对相关资料进行了评估,并初步掌握了本国公民拖欠税款的大致规模。香港咨询公司 Dezan Shira & Associates的Jennifer Lu写道:‘中国已经从筹备阶段进入了执行阶段。’

过去25年当中,数十万中国人跨入了富裕阶层。2001年中国的平均收入还只有1000美元,现在则已经飙升至14000美元。目前,中国已经拥有500名资产超过十亿美元的富豪。他们的部分资产被投入伦敦的房地产、美国的股市或者西方艺术品收藏。仅在香港的银行里,中国人的存款数额就已经超过了1.7万亿美元。

在政府的压力之下,过去几个月来,众多省份的税务部门不断向欠税者寄信、打电话和发送短信。据媒体报道,一些税务部门还成立了特别行动小组,专门负责搜寻亿万富豪的行踪。”

《新苏黎世报》报道称,由于当局要求在十月底之前补齐海外资产过去三到五年的拖欠税款,不安情绪正在富人群体中快速蔓延,一些人甚至试图通过更换国籍的方式来逃脱纳税义务:

“最大的问题是如何确定纳税金额。有些人收到的补税通知上罗列了明确的数额,有些人则只收到一份笼统的估算值。有关部门宣称,估算的税金可以作为双方商谈的基础。中国税务部门的操作方式似乎还没有形成固定模式,但他们收缴拖欠税款的决心显然是不容置疑的。

许多海外投资者正在想方设法补齐税款,有人借贷,有人试图将部分境外资产转回国内。但转移资金并非易事。根据中国严苛的资金流动管制,每个中国人每年只能向境外汇出五万美金,收取境外汇款也以五万为限。不过,一些省份已经发出信号,愿意放宽欠税者的汇款额度,增加财政收入的前景显然更有吸引力。

根据巴克莱银行对所谓‘极端场景’的推算,仅香港一地的中国投资者财产,就可以给中国带来大约一千亿的税务收入。不过,即便在世界其他地区的海外投资也能为中国公共财政带来类似规模的税务收入,恐怕仍难以填补巨大的财政缺口。中国的债务总额已超过国内生产总值的300%以上。 ”

“德国绝不可以继续天真了”

德国总理默茨和法国总统马克龙共同建议,在贸易冲突严重升级时,欧盟应有权将相关国家彻底排除出欧盟内部市场。《经济周刊》就此写道:

“相关建议的矛头所指,政治高层可谓尽人皆知。中国出口顺差之大,已经令德国一直以来的出口顺差变成了笑料。现如今,欧洲各国都坚信,北京采用了不公平手段。中国的过剩产能正在被大量投放世界市场,各国竞争者都毫无招架之力。没有人相信,当前的状况同市场经济还有任何关联。

历来喜欢为全球化和市场经济高唱赞歌的德国总理也不例外。默茨虽然仍推崇自由主义,但他也意识到,德国绝不可以继续天真了。

新近出现的强硬及疑虑呼声,意味着对华政策出现了根本性转向。过去,每当涉及是否应对中国采取强硬立场的讨论时,德国总是会扮演刹车角色,因为德国实在是太担心遭到中国的报复了。这种担心现在也并没有消失,只是德国总理府将这种担心和凯恩斯主义进行了结合:长远来看,我们都将死去。但短期之内,我们必须勇于自卫。”

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 中国税务部门将持续加大对海外资产的追缴力度。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 追缴税款的最终规模及执行力度如何?
  • 德国对华贸易政策的具体立法进程?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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