
德国之声中文网摘编台媒对中共二十届五中全会的评论,以及《中国书评》对学者林垚关于中国自由派拥抱特朗普现象的访谈。
中共二十届五中全会闭幕确认开除33名高官党籍,学者评论指其强化习近平集权与治理危机;同场报道析中国自由派“川化”现象与灯塔主义。
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中共二十届五中全会于10月26日至29日在北京举行。同期,《中国书评》访谈学者林垚探讨中国知识分子对特朗普现象的看法。
中共二十届五中全会10月26日至29日在北京举行,通过《中共中央关于持之以恒推进全面从严治党若干重大问题的决定》,确认开除33名高官党籍,为改革开放以来历次全会之最;出席的162名中央委员与117名候补委员共279人,比去年四中全会少36人。台湾网络媒体《新头壳》(Newtalk)本周刊出台湾学者陈文甲的评论《五中全会强化习近平集权,一党专制加深中共治理危机》。
文章指出,这次全会把"全面从严治党"推到最前面,纪律却只向一个方向延伸:"从严治党"的赤裸体现,就是"纪律可以向下延伸,问责却难以向上追究"。
作者认为,被开除的高官多由中央选任,责任不能只算在个人头上:“习近平既强调党管干部与集中领导,就必须承担相应的选任责任,不能任用时归功于中央识人,出事后却全部归咎于个人变质。”
自我革命:监督的范围由被监督者独断
陈文甲说,中共反复强调的"自我革命"缺少外部制衡:“如果监督的范围、方式与后果,仍由被监督者习近平一人独断,便难以触及权力核心。”文章说,“当权力集中于习近平,问责却止于下级,反腐便难以触及制度根源”,因此“习近平独裁治理的矛盾,正在于‘以更集中的权力,处理权力过度集中’所衍生的弊病”。
作者指出,用人标准也在改变官场行为:“当忠诚成为压倒性的考核标准,官员便容易先判断报告是否符合上意,再决定如何呈现问题”;久而久之“服从比求真安全,沉默比建言有利”,最终受到侵蚀的是中共整体的政府效能与治理能力。
文章结尾说:“当习近平一人的权威凌驾公共利益,整个国家就必须承担其判断失误的代价,这正是‘一人一党专制’最应受到严厉批判之处。”
灯塔主义:中国自由派为什么拥抱特朗普
在线文化杂志《中国书评》(China Books Review)"中国在想什么"专栏本周刊出对政治学者林垚的访谈《林垚谈中国人怎么看特朗普》。林垚任教于美国底特律慈悲大学(University of Detroit Mercy),2020年曾撰文分析中国公共知识分子的"川化"现象,2024年出版文集《空谈》。
林垚把这种现象归因于"灯塔主义",并区分出两种。一是政治灯塔主义:“许多中国自由派知识分子主要在国内承受压迫,他们的政治知识也主要来自国内的经验与创伤”,因而“把自己的政治经验与政治词汇投射到美国身上,构造出一个虚幻的、被美化的美国,作为自身政治抗争的心理支点”。对美国的批评因此像是在拆掉这个支点,他们会站到维护更完美美国形象的那一边。
二是文明灯塔主义。林垚认为,中国自由主义自晚清接触西方起就掺入了社会达尔文主义与种族主义,许多人默认“要有真正的自由民主,背后就得有一个与西方相似的文明”,于是在移民与少数族裔权利等议题上与西方右翼靠拢。
林垚说,这股热情近年明显回落,“国会山骚乱对自由派的冲击大概最大,因为那是对民主制度的直接攻击”。他把特朗普第二任期内中国知识界的分化描述为三条路:有人公开转向保守主义,有人不好意思再称赞,也有人吸收了美国极右的叙事框架,转而赞扬以色列、批评欧洲和加拿大是“白左”。
谈到年轻一代,林垚说2008年之后成长的人“默认的前提是中国在变强、美国在持续衰落”,更倾向国家主义与民族主义。他也提醒,中国舆论场对美国的描述同样走极端:无论此前的过度美化还是如今的过度贬低,都服从国内政治与流量的激励——“如果在中国目前的政治气氛下,把美国批评到极端、扭曲的程度相对安全,又更容易获得流量,他们就会往那个方向走。”

German Chancellor Mertz recently visited Asia to deal with trade pressure and economic dependence between the United States and China. Media comments believe that Merz has become tougher on China and is trying to build an alliance of middle powers to safeguard the interests of Germany's export-oriented economy by strengthening communication with Asian allies.

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