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Back青海国道338线热江段改建:从搓板路到生态友好型绿色公路
青海国道338线热江段改建:从搓板路到生态友好型绿色公路
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中国新闻网3 hours agoEnvironment4 min readChina

青海国道338线热江段改建:从搓板路到生态友好型绿色公路

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青海省海北藏族自治州刚察县国道338线海兴至天峻公路热水至江仓段改建工程,通过钢渣沥青混凝土路面、生态钢筋石笼防护、历史坑槽修复与复绿、旧厂房租赁用于临建、人工鹰巢和候鸟栖息地建设等措施,在两年内将遍布坑槽的砂砾路转变为生态友好型绿色公路,实现资源循环利用与生态保护。

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Why It Matters

青海省祁连山南麓地区气候极端,大温差强风蚀,草原生态脆弱。原国道338线热江段为砂砾搓板路,坑槽众多,行驶颠簸,需改造提升。

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从遍布坑槽的“搓板路”,到舒适性高、体验感强的“绿色路”

雪域高原上如何建成一条生态友好型公路?

初秋的祁连山南麓,天阔云淡,令人心旷神怡。从高处俯瞰,一条宛如黑色绸带般的二级公路蜿蜒起伏,如蛟龙遨游,延伸向广袤的草原深处。

这条102公里长的国道主干线,在不到两年时间内,从往日遍布坑槽、人见人愁的砂砾“搓板路”,蜕变为一条舒适性高、体验感强、备受赞誉的生态友好型绿色公路。近日,在青海省海北藏族自治州刚察县,来自交通、林业、环保、国土、水利等系统的专业人员,齐聚国道338线海兴至天峻公路热水至江仓段改建工程施工现场,共同探秘“生态友好密码”。

“我们脚下的这段黑色路面,采用钢渣沥青混凝土铺设而成,这在省内属于首次大规模应用。”青海省公路局国道338线热江段项目办主任巨生栋介绍说,工业钢渣经筛分改性、稳定化处理后,替代原来的天然细骨料嵌入路面。其质坚耐磨、抗冻耐裂的特性,恰合高原大温差、强风蚀的极端气候。工艺迭代间,固废化良材,废石得消纳,既削减天然山石开采、又降低工程碳排放,实现生态、经济、社会效益统一。

新材料、新工艺的应用不止于此。高边坡之上,见不到传统印象中的钢筋混凝土挡墙刚性支护,一道道排列整齐的生态钢筋石笼柔性防护体系令人眼前一亮。

“网箱都采用工厂预制,现场可快速拼装,不用支模浇筑养护,大幅缩短工期,减少施工对周边环境的影响。”据巨生栋介绍,更为关键的是,石间孔隙透水透气,可适配冻土冻融循环与路基不均匀沉降,既能抵御雨季径流冲刷、遏制水土流失,亦能留存草木生长空间,让边坡与高原自然风貌浑然一体。

“这还是以前的热江段吗?我记得以前路边有很多的坑槽,现在完全颠覆了之前的记忆。”行驶在黑色路面上,一位几年前曾多次往返于热江段的国土系统工作人员感慨不已。

草原还是那片草原,但体验已今非昔比。原来沿途历史遗留的大小坑槽足足有300多处,中交一公局集团、青海路桥、海南天和三家施工单位坚持“应修复尽修复”,采取“一坑一策”,量身定制“美容方案”。

其中,中交一公局集团修复的一处最大深坑长800米、宽40米,深6米左右。项目经理黄福金组织突击队,一连几天吃住在工地,就近消纳挖方弃土。同时,结合高寒气候特征,优选同德短芒披碱草、中华羊茅、青海冷地早熟禾等本土耐旱多年生草种,经过科学配比、先期试种、抢抓施工窗口期,及时进行复绿。

“‘美容方案’既巧妙解决了高原生态敏感区工程土石方调配难题,也重塑了路域生态。”黄福金说,全线产生挖方43万余立方米、填方8.5万立方米,剩余34万多立方米弃土实现“二次利用”,用于修复沿线历史遗留的料坑,确保不新增一处取弃土场,从源头规避砂石开采、土地侵占、原生植被损毁等生态扰动。

在高寒缺氧、生态极度脆弱的草原草甸区域,要想打造出一条生态友好型绿色公路,需要做的还有很多。

开工伊始,项目建设团队就确立了“最大力度保护、最小规模扰动”的建设理念。施工过程中,铁路下穿局部路段微调改线,全面精准依托原有路基施工,老路利用率高达99.5%,几乎达到极致复用。

此外,从项目部驻地到拌和站,再到试验室等临建设施,相关用房全部租赁沿线老旧厂房,尽最大努力守护高原原生草场原有风貌。“我们获批临时用地600亩,实际使用不到120亩,减少率超过80%。”能够因地制宜,像爱护自己的眼睛一样爱护草场,巨生栋欣慰不已。

项目建设中,建设团队还在沿线路域科学搭建十余组人工鹰巢“筑巢引凤”,为高山兀鹫等高原猛禽提供繁育栖息空间。依托沿线河滩、低洼湿地优化水域与植被环境,营建6处候鸟专属栖息地,并划定施工管控禁区,严禁机械、人员进入实施扰动,为迁徙候鸟保留稳定觅食、休憩空间。

“义务修建的60多条牧道,坡度适中,极大方便了放牧人员和牛羊进出,打通了安居乐业民心路的‘最后一公里’。”巨生栋说。

草原之上,芳草萋萋,炊烟袅袅,一派安宁祥和。用心用情呵护生态友好,实现人与自然和谐共生,是建设者沉甸甸的使命,也是滚烫的情怀。

“热江项目的一系列创新举措和‘干货’实招,为高原高寒生态脆弱地区保护生物多样性,从源头上解决长期想解决而未能解决的难题提供了方案和样本,也进一步丰富了绿色公路的内涵。”现场观摩交流座谈会上,一位长期深耕草原生态系统研究领域的专家说。

本报记者 邢生祥 本报通讯员 赵洪葵

《工人日报》(2026年09月09日 04版)

Open Questions

  • 该项目的总投资是多少?
  • 改建后的公路预计使用寿命是多少年?
  • 生态钢筋石笼防护系统的长期维护成本如何?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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