水利部介绍,今年9月至10月形成有监测记录以来最强的超强厄尔尼诺事件,预计明年长江、太湖、松花江等流域存在流域性洪水风险,西北和华北可能出现旱情,黄河宁蒙河段凌汛风险增加。
AI-generated summary
今年汛期面临江河洪水多发、南北洪水并发的严峻形势,各地各部门全力以赴打赢了水旱灾害防御硬仗。今年9月至10月,赤道中东太平洋形成有监测记录以来最强的超强厄尔尼诺事件,且仍在继续发展。
今年汛期已经落幕,而大汛留下的考题并没有随汛期结束而翻篇。水利部昨天(5日)介绍,面对江河洪水多发、南北洪水并发的严峻形势,各地各部门全力以赴,打赢了水旱灾害防御这场硬仗,有力维护了人民群众生命财产安全。
今年我国汛情异常严峻复杂,关键影响因素之一就是快速发展的厄尔尼诺现象。今年9月,赤道中东太平洋形成了一次超强厄尔尼诺事件,到10月已经发展为有监测记录以来最强的厄尔尼诺事件。那么,它将对我国今冬凌汛和明年汛期形势产生哪些影响?
通俗来说,厄尔尼诺就像是赤道太平洋的海水“发烧”,是一种自然海气气候现象,典型特征是赤道中东太平洋海表温度持续异常偏高。厄尔尼诺一般每2到7年出现一次,单次过程通常维持9到12个月,所以说厄尔尼诺不是某一天的天气,而是一个持续几个月甚至一年的气候背景。水利部信息中心副主任孙春鹏介绍,今年9月,赤道中东太平洋形成超强厄尔尼诺事件,到10月已发展为有监测记录以来最强厄尔尼诺事件,当前还在继续发展,预计到秋末冬初达到峰值。
从今冬来看,黄河宁蒙河段是凌汛的“老战场”,今年要面对的不是单纯的冷,而很可能是“忽冷忽热”。孙春鹏介绍,由于厄尔尼诺影响叠加全球气候变暖,预计今年冬季全国气温总体偏高,黄河上游内蒙古河段将于11月下旬出现首凌,12月上中旬出现首封,都较常年同期偏晚。而气温升高并不会给凌情“减负”,气温的波动变化反而更容易使冰凌在狭窄处堆积,形成冰塞、冰坝,可能增加黄河凌汛的风险。
水利部信息中心副主任 孙春鹏:特别是黄河流域宁蒙河段冬季气温波动明显,流凌封河突发性强、存在不稳定性,可能出现多次流凌、封河;封河期内冷空气活动偏频偏重,封河长度可能偏长,首凌和首封时间可能偏晚。
值得注意的是,厄尔尼诺事件除了当年影响外,滞后影响往往更大,它不只为今年定调,还会把“余温”留到明年。比如说1997年的厄尔尼诺事件,导致1998年的长江流域性大洪水和松花江大洪水;2015年的厄尔尼诺事件,导致2016年长江流域大洪水。孙春鹏分析,今年的厄尔尼诺事件强度比1997年和2015年更强,对我国的影响可能更重,预计明年极端天气气候事件发生概率加大。
孙春鹏:我们初步研判在江河洪水方面,长江流域、太湖流域、松花江流域存在发生流域性洪水的风险,其他流域也会发生不同程度的洪水。局地极端暴雨洪水事件可能多发、频发、重发。气温升高背景下,青藏高原及周边地区冰湖风险进一步上升。在干旱方面,西北、华北等地区可能降水偏少、气温偏高,可能出现旱情。
这次超强厄尔尼诺事件使得汛期洪水灾害的极端性、破坏性与复合链生效应更加凸显,这对防御格局、工程韧性以及调度指挥等都提出了更高要求。水利部水旱灾害防御司司长姚文广表示,今年的防汛结束,就是明年防汛工作的开始,将密切跟踪超强厄尔尼诺事件发展态势,滚动分析研判对我国降水、气温以及洪旱形势的影响,针对可能发生极端暴雨、流域性洪水、山洪、干旱及旱涝急转的流域和区域,深入排查整治薄弱环节和风险隐患,提早落实落细各项防范应对措施。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
明年长江流域、太湖流域、松花江流域存在发生流域性洪水的风险
Likely · Within months
西北、华北等地区可能出现旱情
Possible · Within months
黄河宁蒙河段冬季可能出现多次流凌、封河,凌汛风险增加
Likely · Within months
The Central Meteorological Observatory will continue to issue blue warnings for strong winds at 6:00 on November 6. The cold air affects Inner Mongolia, Northeast China and other places as well as the East China Sea, South China Sea and other sea areas, bringing strong winds, cooling, rain and snow. A new round of cold air will affect most of central and eastern my country from the 7th to the 9th. We need to pay attention to the impact on human health, transportation, energy supply, etc., and do a good job in fire prevention in forests, grasslands, and urban and rural areas.
The National Climate Center confirmed that this eastern-type super El Niño event is the strongest since monitoring records began, and is expected to reach its peak in late autumn and early winter. Experts interpret that it will have a significant impact on my country's climate pattern this winter, next spring and next summer, and remind the public to be wary of related meteorological misunderstandings.

The Central Meteorological Administration forecasts that due to the influence of the northeast monsoon today, there will be local short-lived showers and local heavy rains in the Yihua area. There will be local short-lived rains in the north of Taoyuan, Taitung and the Hengchun Peninsula. It will be cloudy to sunny in the south of Hsinchu. There will be sporadic short-lived showers in the southern mountainous areas in the afternoon. It will be cooler in the north and Yilan. The high-screen air quality will be an orange warning level. From tonight, there is a chance of winds above level 6 or gusts above level 8 in many places. Please pay attention to the safety of long waves at the beach.

The Tainan City Environmental Protection Alliance received a report that unscrupulous operators were suspected of illegally dumping waste and covering it with soil about 200 meters away from the Wushantou Reservoir tap water quality and quantity protection zone. The environmental group used drone aerial photography to find traces of flattening by a crawler crane and a hidden yellow excavator at the site. They have reported it to the Environmental Protection Bureau, the Ministry of Environment and the Bureau of Investigation, requiring immediate excavation and sampling to prevent the drinking water sources of Greater Tainan from being contaminated. The Environmental Protection Bureau has sent personnel to inspect the site together with the police on November 4 and collect soil samples for inspection. Excavation and inspection are expected on the 6th.
Huozhou City, Linfen, Shanxi, improves the ecological environment through systematic management of the entire Fen River basin, improving flood control projects and meteorological warnings. Relying on the results of governance, Feng Nanyuan Village develops characteristic agriculture and tourism through sewage treatment and infrastructure upgrades, and transforms ecological dividends into economic benefits.
The 2026 Xiamen International Ocean Week opened in Xiamen on November 5. With the theme of "Working Together to Protect the Deep Blue, Harmony and Symbiosis of the Human Sea", representatives from many countries and heads of international organizations discussed global ocean governance, ecological restoration and deep-sea cooperation, and released results such as a marine ecological environment terminology retrieval platform.