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Back韓國實施司法改革 檢察廳走入歷史 重大犯罪搜查廳及公訴廳接管偵查起訴權
韓國實施司法改革 檢察廳走入歷史 重大犯罪搜查廳及公訴廳接管偵查起訴權
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自由时报2 hours agoPolitics2 min readChinaView translation

韓國實施司法改革 檢察廳走入歷史 重大犯罪搜查廳及公訴廳接管偵查起訴權

Quick Look

韓國依修正刑事訴訟法,於2日廢除成立78年的檢察廳,將偵查權交由隸屬行政安全部的重大犯罪搜查廳,起訴權交由法務部所屬公訴廳。改革旨在防止檢察權力過度集中,但補充偵查權被廢除、警方案件量激增及新機關人員與設施準備不足,引發司法程序延宕與案件乒乓的擔憂。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

韓國檢察廳成立於1946年,長期掌握偵查與起訴權,曾多次被指控濫用權力進行政治檢察。此次改革是李在明政府推動的司法正義政策的一部分,旨在分權制衡。

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南韓實施重大司法改革,成立78年的檢察廳2日正式走入歷史,原本集中於檢察機關的偵查與起訴權分離,分別由新設的重大犯罪搜查廳(重搜廳)及公訴廳承接。不過,補充偵查權遭廢除、警方案件量暴增及新機關準備不足,也引發司法程序延宕的疑慮。

綜合外媒報導,依修正後的《刑事訴訟法》等法律,大部分刑事案件由警方調查,隸屬行政安全部的重大犯罪搜查廳(重搜廳)負責政治人物貪腐、經濟及毒品犯罪等重大案件;法務部所屬公訴廳則依調查結果,負責起訴、維持公訴及執行刑罰。民眾過去可向檢察廳提出告訴或告發,今後只能向警方或重搜廳提出。

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李在明政府認為,檢察機關過去同時掌握偵查與起訴權,權力過度膨脹,並屢遭「政治檢察」及鎖定特定對象偵辦等批評,因此推動兩項權力分離。

不過,公訴廳雖可要求警方或重搜廳重新、補充調查,卻無權親自偵查。法律界擔憂,若偵查機關辦案草率或證據蒐集不足,可能缺乏有效制衡,也會影響公訴廳在法庭上證明犯罪的能力;各機關若互相推諉,還可能出現「案件乒乓」。

隨著權限與案件量同步擴張,承擔大部分偵查工作的警方被韓媒形容為「恐龍警察」。每名調查人員平均年收案量已從2023年的約110件增至去年的133件,未來還須承接大量檢察機關未結案件;警方雖調派約4000人支援,但多數缺乏辦案經驗,複雜經濟及科技犯罪的偵查能力也受到質疑。

此外,重搜廳成立時僅有約1900人,只有法定員額2874人的66%,辦公大樓也未設拘留室及看守所。南韓政府表示,將盡快完成人事安排,協助兩個新機關穩定運作。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 韓國政府將在未來數月內完成重大犯罪搜查廳及公訴廳的人員補充設施建設。

    Likely · Within months

  • 警方將繼續承擔大部分刑事案件偵查工作,並可能進一步接受專業培訓以應對複雜犯罪。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 新機關何時能達到法定員額?
  • 警方複雜犯罪偵查能力提升需要多少時間?
  • 補充偵查權廢除後,是否會影響案件偵查完整度?
  • 公訴廳要求重新調查的實際操作流程是什麼?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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