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Back歐洲軍事設施頻遭無人機與縱火襲擊 俄羅斯被懷疑為幕後黑手
歐洲軍事設施頻遭無人機與縱火襲擊 俄羅斯被懷疑為幕後黑手
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自由时报1 hour agoWorld2 min readChinaView translation

歐洲軍事設施頻遭無人機與縱火襲擊 俄羅斯被懷疑為幕後黑手

Quick Look

德國萊比錫機場近日發現載有爆裂物的無人機,顯示歐洲軍工設施近期頻繁遭遇火災、縱火與無人機入侵事件,俄羅斯被懷疑透過代理人發動混合攻擊,旨在施壓援助烏克蘭國家並測試北約底線。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

俄羅斯對烏克蘭的全面入侵已持續超過兩年,北約成員國持續向基輔提供軍事與財政援助,俄羅斯則透過混合戰術報復,包括網路攻擊、資訊戰及代理人破壞行動。

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德國萊比錫機場出現載有爆裂物的無人機事件,再度凸顯歐洲國家面臨俄羅斯的混合攻擊威脅。英國廣播公司新聞網(BBC News)4日報導,歐洲今年夏天接連傳出軍工設施失火、縱火與無人機闖入事件,高度集中在軍事與國防產業,而俄羅斯為主要懷疑對象。專家認為,其目的可能不只是製造混亂,更在於直接施壓援助烏克蘭國家以及測試北大西洋公約組織(NATO)底線。

近期歐洲這類事件案例包括8月4日德國萊比錫機場發現裝有爆裂物的無人機;8月10日保加利亞國防工業公司EMCO一座工廠失火,8月13日歐洲軍工企業KNDS集團旗下義大利彈藥廠KNDS Ammo Italy失火引發爆炸,當地檢察官正調查外力介入的可能性。另外,愛沙尼亞、斯洛伐克與烏國有關無人機工廠,也在同月中旬接連發生可疑火警或縱火。部分國家已將矛頭指向俄羅斯。

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這波與過去類此事件的不同在於密集度。BBC引述倫敦國王學院戰爭研究系學者里希特洛娃(Daniela Richterova)看法,「過去幾週所見軍事設施遭攻擊的密度很不尋常」,她認為,烏克蘭近來把戰火帶入俄國境內,「他們(莫斯科)受到壓力,得有所回應」,克里姆林宮現在的目標是「發出脅迫性訊號」:透過升高援助烏克蘭的成本,施壓這些國家停止支持基輔。

另一種解讀是,俄羅斯的意圖更在於測試北約底線。英國智庫「皇家國際事務研究所」(Chatham House)資深研究員吉爾斯(Keir Giles)認為,俄國正在試探受害國家的反應、真正採取行動的意願,並觀察弱點,為其在歐洲侵略行動的「下一階段」準備。

追蹤破壞行動案例的英國智庫「國際戰略研究所」(IISS)指出,這類行動的另一特徵,是大量利用俄國代理人、即所謂「零工經濟破壞者」執行。他們多為前蘇聯地區俄語人士,受金錢引誘,而非政治信念,由在俄國的幕後操盤者透過網路招募、協調行動。IISS將這些代理人比擬為自殺式無人機:成本低、易於大量部署,也便於否認。

里希特洛娃警告,目前仍處於和平和戰爭之間的灰色地帶,但是「過去幾週所見這些事件正縮小這個地帶」,增加情勢一步步升高的風險。北約對於小規模、零星事件累積到何種程度才算構成俄國持續性攻擊,目前仍沒有明確答案。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 歐洲國家將加強對無人機及關鍵基礎設施的監控與防護措施

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 北約將就低強度混合攻擊的應對門檻展開內部討論

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 這些襲擊事件是否都由同一俄羅斯代理網絡策劃?
  • 北約是否將建立明確門檻來認定何時應將此類事件視為武裝攻擊?
  • 受影響國家是否將加強關鍵基礎設施的安全防護?

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