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Back德语媒体:面对中美强权 中等强国应抱团取暖?
德语媒体:面对中美强权 中等强国应抱团取暖?
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德国之声2 hours agoOpinion5 min readChinaView translation

德语媒体:面对中美强权 中等强国应抱团取暖?

德国媒体评论分析默茨总理亚洲之行对德国对华政策及经济战略的意义

Quick Look

德国总理默茨近期出访亚洲,旨在应对美中贸易压力及经济依赖问题。媒体评论认为,默茨对华立场趋于强硬,并试图通过加强与亚洲盟友的沟通,构建中等强国联盟以维护德国出口导向型经济的利益。

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Why It Matters

德国经济高度依赖出口,且面临中国贸易政策带来的就业流失压力。默茨总理因国内政治危机期间出访亚洲受到批评。

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(德国之声中文网)《商报》评论写道,无论是新加坡、东京,还是首尔,此次德国总理所到之处,似乎习近平和特朗普一直如影随形。因为每当默茨总理谈及自由贸易和经济依赖问题时,人们总是会联想到美国和中国。这篇题为《唯有携手盟友》的评论写道:

“对于联邦总统选举等德国内政事项,默茨总理的确有所怠慢,但对于全球力量格局的变化,他却非常的敏感。对于基社盟政治家艾格内尔(Ilse Aigner)是否应入主总统府的讨论,默茨作为总理显然没有予以足够的重视。但对于尽快给予特朗普、习近平和普京以明确回应,而不应委曲求全、矮化自己,默茨却有着非常清醒的认识。

事实上,就任总理之后,形势比人强,默茨的立场已经发生了变化。去年,默茨首次以德国总理身份访问华盛顿时,还曾对同特朗普开展合作充满信心。然而,一年半过后,这份信心几乎荡然无存。而同今年年初访华时的情景相比,现实也已经发生了很大的变化。总而言之,默茨对中美两国的措辞变得越来越强硬。柏林当然不希望发生贸易战,但也同样不能接受不公平的依赖关系。用来自柏林政治圈的话说就是,‘语气’已经变了,在对华政策问题上尤为如此。”

《商报》评论指出,敢于对中美两大强国“说不”,是默茨此次亚洲之行所发出的明确信号,而且也获得了盟友们的积极响应:

“不过,私下里也传出一些疑虑的声音。日本和韩国就很担心,德国和欧洲采取更为强硬的对华政策之后,会不会从整体上转向贸易保护主义,从而使日韩也陷入不利境地。默茨总理对这种担忧表示惊讶,也进行了必要的解释。但这也恰恰体现了此次亚洲之行的意义所在:只有通过密切的交流和沟通,才能发现彼此的顾虑和担忧,才能最终建立起经得起考验的伙伴关系。也只有这样,中等强国联盟战略才能充满活力。”

”出访亚洲是正确的选择“

内政危机不断加剧的关键时刻,总理默茨选择出访亚洲,因此在德国国内招致了“逃避现实”、“不务正业”的批评。《法兰克福汇报》评论写道:

“无论如何,默茨此次出行都是一个正确的决定。德国每四个工作岗位中,就有一个依赖出口,工业领域这一比例更是接近一半。中国咄咄逼人的贸易政策每个月都会导致德国流失1.5万个就业岗位。而与此同时,美国作为贸易伙伴也已不再靠谱。有鉴于此,德国经济急需同其他国家建立伙伴合作关系。德国总理亲自出马寻求伙伴,无疑是一件好事。

在德国,并不是所有人都意识到了‘中国冲击2.0’对德国繁荣构成了多么大的威胁。如果德国的经济前景得不到改善,后果将不堪设想。相比之下,工作45年后是否能拿到全额退休金,父母能休几个月的育儿假就都不是紧要问题了。在战争不断、危机四伏的当今世界,德国却仍在就如何捍卫社会福利制度而吵得不可开交,这简直让人感到不可思议。德国很少将对外贸易列为施政重点,而默茨正是通过此次亚洲之行,强调了对外贸易的重要性。

在基民盟内部,一些同经济界关系密切的人士对默茨总理的对华政策颇有微词。然而,当中国以补贴和压低汇率的方式冲击全球市场,将关键原材料当作地缘政治武器时,欧洲难道要袖手旁观吗?当然,欧洲人也不应矫枉过正,当前拟议中的‘欧洲制造’政策,同样也引起了默茨正在争取的东亚和东南亚国家的不满。除了各类强调友谊的宣言之外,这也是默茨此次带回柏林的重要信息。”

Open Questions

  • 德国如何具体平衡对华强硬政策与经济利益?
  • 日韩对德国对华政策的担忧将如何影响双边合作?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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