
中国水电基础局深耕西藏三十年,通过满拉、旁多等重大水利水电工程,改善了当地电力供应、饮水安全及灌溉条件,并积极推动生态保护与就业,助力西藏高质量发展。
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中国水电基础局在过去三十年间参与了西藏多项重大水利水电工程建设,旨在提升当地能源保障、饮水安全及灌溉水平。
中新网拉萨11月2日电 题:三十载深耕雪域高原 水利水电惠民工程赋能西藏高质量发展
作者 卢鑫 张焕
从满拉水利枢纽落地年楚河,打通了拉萨、日喀则、山南三地电网互联通道,到阿里狮泉河水电站并网发电彻底结束了狮泉河镇柴油机间断供电的历史,再到被誉为“西藏三峡”的旁多水利枢纽建设创下多项世界纪录,一项项水利水电惠民工程赋能西藏高质量发展。
三十年来,中国水电基础局(以下简称水电基础局)积极响应国家援藏号召,投身西藏水利水电与基础设施建设,累计承揽各类合同200余项,参建重大工程60余项。
水电基础局相关负责人介绍,上世纪九十年代,作为西藏自治区成立30周年62项援藏重点项目中规模最大的工程,满拉水利枢纽落地年楚河。1996年,水电基础局抽调第九工程处4个机组奔赴现场,承担防渗墙、灌浆等核心施工任务。该枢纽建成后兼具拦洪、调蓄、发电多重功能,打通拉萨、日喀则、山南三地电网互联通道,构筑起藏中电网雏形,为当地农牧业发展和群众生产生活提供保障。
2004年阿里狮泉河水电站开工,当地氧气含量较平原不足50%,年均气温仅0.2℃。一支平均年龄不足30岁的青年队伍鏖战荒原465天,高质量完成电站全部基础处理任务。“电站建成并网发电彻底结束了狮泉河镇柴油机间断供电的历史,当地电价从每度3.5元降至0.7元。”该负责人说。
与此同时,水电基础局参与直孔水电站建设,创下79米最大造孔深度行业纪录。
被誉为“西藏三峡”的旁多水利枢纽是拉萨河干流龙头控制性工程。他说,水电基础局建设者坚守现场十年,啃下大坝基础处理“硬骨头”,接连创造防渗墙墙体最深201.47米、连接槽段接头管拔管最深158米、水下混凝土浇筑最深201.47米三项世界纪录,获得4项国家专利。
该负责人介绍,三十年来,水电基础局立足高原复杂地质条件,技术攻关从未止步。在拉哇水电站,水电基础局自主研发SV70型70米级振冲碎石桩机,实现71.63米施工深度,刷新同类型装备世界纪录,较传统工艺减少40%弃渣;西藏M项目振冲工艺实现92米最大成桩深度,取得8项发明专利;卓玉水库建成108.5米成墙深度防渗墙;在西藏某超深基础工程中,浇筑264.08米全球最深混凝土防渗墙,不断刷新高原基础施工技术天花板。
重大工程落地见效,民生福祉持续升温。能源保障方面,昌都应急电源工程94天建成,装机容量2万千瓦,化解冬春枯水期供电缺口,十万余名群众告别频繁拉闸限电,边坝镇水电站投运惠及1.5万百姓,藏木、加查、多布等骨干电站稳定输出电能,守护高原万家灯火。
饮水安全不断提升,森布日水厂出水水质优于国家标准30%,成为那曲生态搬迁群众的民生生命线;阿里札达县县城供水工程投用,搭建现代化供水体系;日喀则桑桑镇群众在家即可用上洁净自来水。
水利灌溉滋养万顷良田,旁多水利枢纽灌溉面积达65.28万亩,每年向拉萨供水0.85亿立方米,城市供水保证率从73%提升至95%;结巴水库保障下游6万亩耕地灌溉;卓玉水库新增及改善灌溉面积3.92万亩。
工程建设兼顾生态保护,尼洋河流域综合治理扎实推进,国控断面水质稳定保持Ⅱ类,异齿裂腹鱼等本地珍稀鱼类重现河道;多布水电站修建2.8公里生态鱼道,累计增殖放流鱼苗50万尾;拉萨河谷生态保护修复项目完工,8000亩沙化土地重披绿装,棕头鸥、赤麻鸭等水鸟回归栖息,实现工程建设与生态保护协同共赢。
在建好工程的同时,水电基础局积极履行社会责任,促进民族团结。三十年间,捐资助学近100万元,吸纳藏族大学生就业60余人次,带动当地农牧民就业5000余人次。

Shenze County in Hebei Province has built a complete industrial chain from waste kitchen oil collection to biodiesel and aviation kerosene production, gathering 88 companies and becoming a county sample for upgrading China's bioenergy industry. It plans to achieve bioenergy industry revenue exceeding 10 billion yuan by 2028.

As of November 1, the annual cumulative power generation of the Maer Dam Hydropower Station of Qinghai Company of China National Energy Group exceeded 6 billion kilowatt hours, an increase of 25.5% over the same period last year, setting a new high for the same period in history. The power station is located in Maqin County, Qinghai Province and is the highest hydropower station on the main stream of the Yellow River.

Unit 2 of CGN's Zhejiang San'ao Nuclear Power Project completed its first nuclear fuel loading on November 2 and officially entered the nuclear operation and commissioning stage. The project plans to build 6 "Hualong One" units, which will provide clean energy guarantee for the Yangtze River Delta region after completion.

The war between the United States and Iran has led to a sharp reduction in global oil and gas supply. The Ministry of Economic Affairs pointed out that Taiwan's PetroChina and Taipower continued to absorb increases and pay high costs to stabilize prices. PetroChina's debt ratio has reached as high as 94%. The Ministry of Economic Affairs calls on the public to support the government in preparing budgets to allocate subsidies to CNPC and Taipower to ensure the stable operation of state-owned enterprises and domestic energy security.

One hundred thirty-three Chinese-built wind turbines rising from southern Laos power Vietnam's growth, showcasing a regional shift to diversify energy sources beyond hydroelectric dams.
Xinhua News Agency, Abu Dhabi, reported on November 2 that Chinese companies have actively participated in and constructed a number of large-scale photovoltaic, solar thermal, wind power and energy storage projects in the UAE. With their advanced technology and engineering capabilities, they are helping the UAE promote low-carbon transformation and diversify its energy structure.