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Back法国和平示威扩大为暴力骚乱 马克龙归咎极左派人士
法国和平示威扩大为暴力骚乱 马克龙归咎极左派人士
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德国之声2 hours agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

法国和平示威扩大为暴力骚乱 马克龙归咎极左派人士

Quick Look

法国总统马克龙在电视演说中批评示威期间发生的纵火、抢劫等暴力行为,称其让人感到‘愤怒与耻辱’,并将责任归咎于激进极左派和罪犯。全国约50万人上街示威,事件涉及多座城市的公共建筑被毁、商店被洗劫和警车被焚,导致2400人被捕、近1000名警消受伤及一人死亡。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

法国正面临总统大选前的社会紧张局势,马克龙执政十年来积累的民怨在燃油价格、生活成本和公共服务问题上爆发,示威规模堪比2018年的‘黄背心’运动,但组织者表示此次运动并非由同一群体领导。

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法国总统马克龙(Emmanuel Macron)周日(10月18日)晚上发表电视演说,批评反政府示威期间发生的纵火、抢劫等行径,让人感到‘愤怒与耻辱’。

马克龙表示:‘看看这些画面,我们都要问自己:他们到底在想什么?为什么法国人会对法国做这种事?’他把这些暴力行为归咎于‘激进极左派团体之中的暴动份子,还有一些罪犯’,‘那些抢劫的人必须为损失负责,那些企图推翻这个共和国的人,也会被追究责任’。

‘这个国家需要秩序与和平,而不是再继续拉高冲突,’马克龙说。

周六(17日),全法国约有50万人走上街头示威。这是法国近年来规模最大的示威之一,汇聚了许多不同群体的抗争,包含上个月以来持续争取改善学校条件的学生运动,还有不满燃油与物价上扬、生活成本高涨、公共服务恶化的民众示威,以及工会人士。

亦有部分媒体把这次示威跟2018年的‘黄背心’运动相提并论。不过,黄背心运动的代表人物罗德里格斯(Jérôme Rodrigues)、布洛(François Boulo)等人表示,这次抗议虽有部分诉求与‘黄背心’相近,但当时的组织者并未参与协调或筹办这次抗议行动。

罗德里格斯说:‘现在每次只要有人讲到油价和民怨,立刻就会被贴上‘黄背心’的标签。这几乎已经变成一个品牌了。’

法国大选前 各阵营互相指责

这波抗议潮,反映了马克龙执政下日益加重的民怨。随着明年4月法国总统大选将至,执政十年的马克龙即将卸任。他称大多数和平示威民众的不满其来有自,不能跟少部分试图制造混乱的人混为一谈。

有些右派政治人物主张应该宣布全国进入紧急状态,但马克龙目前尚未这么做。稍早,他召开了官员紧急会议,下令各地的省长与市长共同商议对策,以保护公共建筑和商店不受骚乱波及,而且必要时不排除禁止民众抗议。

目前在大选民调领先的极右派‘国民联盟’(National Rally)领袖勒庞(Marine Le Pen)称,这波示威显示马克龙政府已经‘焦头烂额、筋疲力尽且失去方向’。勒庞也直接点名极左政党‘不屈法国’(France Unbowed, LFI)挑起、助长暴乱。

面对上述质疑说法,‘不屈法国’领袖梅朗雄(Jean-Luc Mélenchon)否认。他强调自己传达的讯息很明确:‘那些与我们并肩作战的人,不应参与劫掠或破坏行动。’

梅朗雄17日曾在巴黎参与示威游行。他要求马克龙回应学生和民众诉求,并批评总理勒柯尔尼(Sébastien Lecornu)在公共财政与预算上‘无能’,应该为这场混乱负责。他反讽道:‘靠着让社会恶化,你成功让所有的青年和劳工工会团结起来。’

在法国示威情景登上国际新闻头版之际,美国总统特朗普在社群平台发文,主张法国应尽快加强边境管控:‘法国烧起来了!那些来自完全不同世界的人移民过去,他们心里充满恨意,摧毁了这个曾经伟大的国家。’不过,法国政府本身并没有将这次示威中的暴力行径归咎于移民。

和平示威演变为暴力冲突

17日的示威之中,尽管大多数民众和平集会,但部分激进团体与蒙面示威者在多座城市与警方爆发冲突,并攻击公共设施。法国中部城市利摩日(Limoges)拥有逾140年历史的市政厅遭纵火烧毁;马赛(Marseille)市政厅遭示威者闯入并涂写无政府主义标语;里昂(Lyon)旅游局办公室也遭纵火破坏。此外,多地还出现精品店与超市遭洗劫、警车被焚毁等事件。

在巴黎,暴力骚乱让外地人感到震惊。一位来自荷兰的企业家狄波尔(Tije De Boer)形容:‘这里简直跟战区一样!’他和他的孩子因为示威,不得不撤离旅馆。

到了周日,巴黎共和广场仍有数百名示威者在重重警力之下聚集,零星有警民冲突,例如一小群人试图焚烧脚踏车和垃圾桶,警方则发射催泪瓦斯。

骚乱过后,各地留下满目疮痍的景象。巴黎、马赛与里昂街头散落垃圾、翻倒的自行车以及遭掠夺商店的商品,清洁人员自深夜起持续清理街道。利摩日遭焚毁的市政厅为受保护历史建筑,当地官员表示,经紧急抢救后,建筑后半部分得以保住。

法国内政部长努涅斯(Laurent Nuñez)周日在X平台写道:‘抗议权是基本权利,但蓄意集体透过暴力来制造不安并不是。’

全法国约有2400人被逮捕,将近1000名警察及消防人员在冲突中受伤。巴黎警方还表示,有一名示威者死于心脏病发。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 法国政府将在未来几天内宣布对受损公共建筑的紧急修复计划

    Likely · Within days

  • 极左派和极右派将在大选中继续将此次示威用于政治攻击

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 马克龙是否会宣布全国紧急状态?
  • 示威中的暴力行为将如何被司法处理?
  • 各政治派别在大选中将如何利用这一事件?
  • 受损的公共建筑,尤其是利摩日市政厅,何时能够修复?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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