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Back"국내은행, 외형 성장 한계…'위험 대비 수익성'으로 전환해야"
"국내은행, 외형 성장 한계…'위험 대비 수익성'으로 전환해야"
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연합뉴스2 hours agoBusiness2 min readSouth KoreaView translation

"국내은행, 외형 성장 한계…'위험 대비 수익성'으로 전환해야"

Quick Look

한국금융연구원 보고서에 따르면 국내은행의 자산 증가율은 명목경제성장률을 상회했으나 PBR과 ROA는 글로벌 평균에 미치지 못해 위험관리와 수익성 중심의 경영체계 전환이 필요하다고 지적했다.

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

한국금융연구원은 국내은행의 성장 전략을 점검하고 개선 방향을 제시하기 위해 보고서를 발표했으며, 글로벌 금융위기 이후 국내은행의 자산 증가율이 명목경제성장률을 상회했으나 주가순자산비율과 총자산이익률은 글로벌 평균에 미치지 못하는 현상을 분석했다.

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금융연 보고서…국내은행 PBR 0.68배·ROA 0.64%, 글로벌 은행 평균 밑돌아

(서울=연합뉴스) 이도흔 기자 = 국내은행이 자산 규모를 키우는 양적 성장 전략에서 벗어나 위험관리와 수익성을 중심으로 경영체계를 전환해야 한다는 지적이 나왔다.

한국금융연구원 김우진 선임연구위원은 10일 '국내은행의 성장 전략 점검 및 개선 방향' 보고서에서 "국내은행들은 리스크관리에 기반한 안정적 성장보다는 위험을 내포한 성장을 지속해 왔지만, 성장성 일변도의 전략은 은행의 가치 제고에 한계가 있다"며 이같이 밝혔다.

보고서에 따르면 글로벌 금융위기 이후인 2010∼2025년 국내은행의 연평균 자산 증가율은 6.19%로, 같은 기간 국내 명목경제성장률인 4.52%를 웃돌았다.

2024년 국내은행의 민간 부문 대출 규모도 국내총생산(GDP) 대비 160.3%로, 경제협력개발기구(OECD) 회원국 평균인 68.0%를 크게 상회했다.

그러나 자산 확대가 기업가치 제고로 이어지지는 못했다.

2025년 말 국내 4대 은행그룹의 평균 주가순자산비율(PBR)은 0.68배, 총자산이익률(ROA)은 0.64%로, 유사한 글로벌 은행그룹의 평균인 2.32배와 1.03%에 각각 미치지 못했다.

보고서는 원인으로 위험과 수익성을 균형 있게 고려하는 선진적 경영시스템의 미비를 지목했다.

실적과 외형 확대에 치중하면 단기적으로 이익이 늘더라도 경기 악화 시 부실이 확대될 수 있다는 설명이다.

이어 보고서는 위험가중자산이익률(RoRWA)을 높이는 방향으로 경영 전략을 설정할 필요가 있다고 제언했다.

위험가중자산 대비 영업이익을 고려해 자본을 효율적으로 배분하고, 위험에 상응하는 수익을 창출하는 자산에 집중해야 한다는 것이다.

이를 위한 과제로는 조직 내 위험관리 문화 확산, 신규 수익원 발굴, 저수익 사업과 해외 자산의 재조정, 이사회 지배구조 개선 등이 제시됐다.

보고서는 영업조직의 핵심성과지표(KPI)와 평가·보상체계도 자산 성장보다 수익성을 중시하는 방향으로 개편할 필요가 있다며 "이사회와 경영진, 직원 모두가 협력해 조직 전반의 경영시스템을 개선할 때 지속 가능한 성장 전략이 마련될 수 있다"고 강조했다.

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 국내은행이 위험가중자산이익률(RoRWA) 개선을 위한 경영 전략을 시행할 경우 12개월 내 PBR이 0.8배 수준으로 회복될 수 있다

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 구체적인 위험가중자산이익률(RoRWA) 개선 목표치는 얼마인가?
  • 이사회 지배구조 개선을 위한 구체적인 방안은 무엇인가?
  • 저수익 사업과 해외 자산의 재조정 시점과 규모는 어떻게 결정될 것인가?

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