
醫師指出產後腰痛成因多元,不應直接歸因於減痛分娩
新竹臺大分院麻醉部巫鎮和醫師表示,產後腰痛成因多元,包括懷孕期間鬆弛素分泌、韌帶鬆弛、產後抱孩子與哺乳姿勢不良及核心肌力不足,不應直接歸因於減痛分娩。減痛分娩藥物作用僅數小時,正常施作下不會造成脊椎結構受損,建議準媽媽與醫療團隊討論,不必過度擔心。
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許多產婦懷疑產後腰痛與減痛分娩有關,新竹臺大分院麻醉部醫師巫鎮和指出,產後腰痛成因多元,包括懷孕期間鬆弛素導致韌帶鬆弛、產後頻繁抱孩子、彎腰、哺乳及核心肌力不足等,不能因為減痛分娩施作位置在腰部,就直接歸因於減痛分娩。
35歲的小芸(化名)生產後經常感到腰痠,第一個念頭就是:「早知道不要打減痛!」她一直以為腰痠是生產時接受減痛分娩留下的後遺症,直到向醫師詢問才發現,自己可能「怪錯人了」。產後腰痠背痛的成因很多,從懷孕期間身體與韌帶的變化,到產後頻繁抱孩子、彎腰、哺乳及核心肌力不足,都可能增加腰背負擔。
新竹臺大分院麻醉部巫鎮和醫師表示,「打減痛,以後會不會一直腰痛?」是不少準媽媽對減痛分娩的常見疑問。事實上,即使生產過程沒有接受減痛分娩,產後仍可能出現腰痠背痛,不能因為減痛分娩施作位置在腰部,就把產後腰痛直接歸因於減痛分娩。
真正容易被忽略的關鍵之一,其實從懷孕期間就已經開始。巫鎮和醫師指出,懷孕期間人體會分泌「鬆弛素(Relaxin)」,幫助骨盆韌帶與關節放鬆,為胎兒分娩預留空間;但這項生理變化也會讓韌帶變得較為鬆弛、支撐力下降。當脊椎與骨盆周圍穩定度降低,肌肉需要承受更多負擔,就可能出現腰痠背痛。
生產結束後,腰背的考驗還沒結束。媽媽每天抱寶寶、彎腰換尿布、哺乳,若長時間姿勢不良,加上產後肌力尚未恢復,都可能讓腰背負擔增加,原有的不適也可能更加明顯。
減痛分娩到底是怎麼進行的?巫鎮和醫師說明,減痛分娩是透過置入脊椎硬膜外腔的軟管,給予低濃度藥物,以減輕生產過程中的疼痛。藥物作用時間僅數小時;在正常施作情況下,不會因為接受減痛分娩就造成脊椎結構受損。
巫鎮和醫師表示,適時使用減痛分娩,可降低生產過程中的疼痛與體力消耗。準媽媽若對減痛分娩有所疑慮,可在產前或待產期間與醫療團隊討論,了解施作方式及自身狀況,不需要因為「打減痛,以後一定會腰痛」的說法而過度擔心。
巫鎮和醫師提醒,產後若出現腰背不適,可在身體狀況允許下適度進行核心肌群鍛鍊,並留意抱寶寶、哺乳及彎腰時的姿勢,減少腰背負擔。若疼痛持續未改善、明顯加劇或已影響日常生活,建議就醫評估,進一步釐清原因。

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