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Back西班牙住房危機惡化:國會否決改革引發全國大規模示威
西班牙住房危機惡化:國會否決改革引發全國大規模示威
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自由时报1 hour agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

西班牙住房危機惡化:國會否決改革引發全國大規模示威

馬德里逾7萬人走上街頭,抗議房租飆漲與驅逐政策,總理桑傑士考慮提前大選

Quick Look

西班牙國會否決住房改革法案,引發全國近50座城市爆發大規模示威。馬德里逾7萬人上街要求居住正義,抗議房租飆漲與企業房東驅逐租戶。總理桑傑士面臨政治壓力,正研議是否提前舉行國會大選以應對危機。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

西班牙住房危機長期存在,近期因一名87歲婦人遭強制驅逐事件引發民憤。左翼政府提出的住房改革法案遭國會否決,導致抗議活動升級。

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西班牙住房危機燒不停,由於國會日前否決了左翼政府提出的住房改革法令,激起全國公憤,近50座城市3日爆發大規模示威遊行,首都馬德里逾7萬人走上街頭要求居住正義。

西班牙的住房危機延燒已久,2024年與2025年均曾爆發全國性大規模示威遊行,但目前這波抗議行動已持續進行超過1週,不論參與人數、動員城市、時間長度,都是自COVID-19疫情以來規模最龐大的一波。

本次危機導火線起源於9月23日,一名住在馬德里的87歲退休婦人瑪麗卡門.阿巴斯卡爾(Maricarmen Abascal),因付不起被企業房東倍數調漲的房租,遭強制驅逐出她居住了70年的公寓,引發民眾長期累積的不滿。

為平息眾怒,西班牙社會勞工黨(PSOE)總理桑傑士(Pedro Sánchez)領導的左翼聯合政府緊急擬定2項住房改革法令,內容包括暫停驅逐弱勢租戶直至2030年、自動續租約、提高旅遊短租公寓稅收,以及限制俗稱「禿鷲基金」的投機性購屋投資基金等措施。

然而,法案2日在國會表決時,遭到保守派主要反對黨「人民黨」(PP)、極右翼「民聲黨」(Vox),以及「全力為加泰隆尼亞黨」(Junts per Catalunya)聯手反對,最終遭到否決,再度點燃全民怒火,引發3日全國各地排山倒海的示威聲浪。

首都馬德里房客聯盟以「發動總罷工、租金減半,徵收禿鷲基金」為口號與訴求,號召民眾走上街頭發出怒吼。示威人潮兵分4路出發,最後遊行至馬德里市議會所在的西貝萊斯廣場(Plaza de Cibeles)匯合。

示威群眾雖以年輕族群為主,包括20歲世代的學生及30、40歲世代的青年,但也有不少中年、老年民眾和全家大小參與遊行。

33歲的上班族布拉斯(Blas)告訴中央社,他有份平凡的工作、領著和西班牙平均薪資水準差不多的薪水,只負擔得起一間房間,得和人合租房子,因為房租一直漲,他還得常常搬家,就像許多西班牙人一樣,因為交不起房租被驅逐出住處。

布拉斯指出,許多人將房租失控高漲的原因歸咎於外國人和移民,是不正義的仇恨言論,他認為,西班牙的租房問題在於「住房需求量日漸增加,但卻缺乏足夠的公共住宅及合理的房租」。

27歲的記者阿薩雷亞(Azalea)向中央社表示,這場遊行的目的在重新宣揚與定義「住家的意義」,本該讓人民居住的房屋,如今紛紛被賣給私人財團、禿鷲基金與企業房東,她期望透過遊行發聲,改變社會的思維,「讓住房變回公眾的、全民都負擔得起的權利」。

26歲的社工米瑞安(Monica) 和23歲的資訊工程師蘿拉(Laura)提到,西班牙人平均月領1200歐元的薪水,房屋平均租金也是1200歐元,「這些數字很明顯就對不上」。

她們認為「西班牙住房市場完全不切實際」,薪資沒有漲,但是租金和房價卻不斷高漲,不只是年輕人,就連許多年長者也付不起房租、買不起房子。

除了遊行示威外,數以百計在市中心太陽門廣場(Puerta del Sol)紮營的示威者也持續留守,近2日不斷有右翼人士與極右翼份子前往煽動,引發衝突。

根據西班牙廣播電視公司(RTVE),面對立法改革挫敗,總理桑傑士今天將與內閣成員商討,是否將預定於明年舉行的下屆國會大選提前至11月29日舉行。西班牙住房危機儼然已從民生經濟難題,演變成政壇震盪的催化劑。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 總理桑傑士將與內閣商討是否提前舉行國會大選。

    Likely · Within days

Open Questions

  • 總理桑傑士是否會正式宣佈提前舉行大選?
  • 政府後續將採取何種替代方案解決住房問題?

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