
50多歲男子赴日旅遊吃感冒藥引發急性尿滯留,醫師指出第一代抗組織胺與偽麻黃鹼為兩大元凶,提醒特定族群提高警覺。
一名50多歲男子赴日旅遊服用市售感冒藥後引發急性尿滯留。醫師陳鈺昕指出,感冒藥中的第一代抗組織胺與偽麻黃鹼為兩大鎖尿元凶,並提醒攝護腺肥大、中高齡男性等四類高危險族群服藥時應提高警覺。
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部分市售感冒藥成分可能影響自律神經與平滑肌,對特定泌尿系統脆弱族群造成排尿困難。
恆昕泌尿科診所院長陳鈺昕提醒,部分市售感冒藥成分可能引發急性尿滯留,應立刻停藥,儘快急診評估;情境照。(圖取自shutterstock)
天氣忽冷忽熱,一不小心就感冒,當心吃藥也可能帶來泌尿問題。恆昕泌尿科診所院長陳鈺昕分享,1名50多歲男子赴日旅遊不慎感冒,自行購買強效綜合感冒藥服用,不適症狀雖改善,未料卻出現排尿問題,在馬桶前站了快20分鐘,才勉強滴出幾滴尿,嚇得回國後趕緊就醫。提醒部分市售感冒藥成分可能引發急性尿滯留,務必立刻停藥,儘快急診評估;尤其攝護腺肥大等4族群,更要提高警覺。
感冒藥鎖死尿道2大元凶
陳鈺昕於臉書粉專發文說明,多數人以為感冒藥只管上半身,用來緩解鼻塞、頭痛、流鼻水,和下半身八竿子打不著關係。其實,常見市售感冒藥裡,隱藏著以下2大鎖尿元凶:
●第一代抗組織胺(Antihistamines):常用於減輕呼吸道與感冒症狀,如鼻塞、流鼻水、打噴嚏,以及舒緩過敏性疾病的紅腫與搔癢,如蕁麻疹、濕疹、異位性皮膚炎。鎖尿原因在於部分第一代抗組織胺具有「抗膽鹼作用」,會抑制副交感神經,讓負責收縮、排尿的膀胱逼尿肌暫時無力,導致膀胱沒有足夠力量把尿液擠出來。
●偽麻黃鹼(Pseudoephedrine):常見於部分鼻塞藥與綜合感冒藥,透過收縮鼻腔血管,減輕鼻黏膜腫脹、改善鼻塞。鎖尿是因偽麻黃鹼具有交感神經興奮作用,除了影響鼻腔,也可能使膀胱頸及攝護腺周圍的平滑肌收縮,增加排尿阻力,導致原本排尿不順的人更難把尿排出來。
「急性尿滯留」4大高危險族群
陳鈺昕叮嚀,若吃了感冒藥完全尿不出來,或明明膀胱很脹,卻只能滴出幾滴尿,可能是「急性尿滯留」,務必立刻停藥,並儘快前往急診評估,必要時,需導尿排空膀胱,以免延誤造成膀胱或腎臟受損。他並提醒,以下4大高危險族群尤需注意:
●攝護腺肥大者:據統計,50歲以上男性約半數出現攝護腺肥大。原本就狹窄的尿道,服藥後會讓尿道周圍肌肉和平滑肌更緊縮、逼尿肌也無法出力,造成排尿不易情況加重、完全無法排尿。
●中高齡男性:隨著年齡增長,膀胱逼尿肌會逐漸退化、失去彈性,再加上服用含有特定成分的感冒藥,讓神經訊號徹底被阻斷,排尿相關肌肉直接罷工、大量尿液滯留體內。
●泌尿相關疾病者:平時就有排尿困難、解不乾淨或長期憋尿習慣者,本身膀胱與排尿系統的健康狀態相對脆弱,容易受到感冒藥的副作用影響,讓原本就吃力的問題雪上加霜。
●受其他疾病影響:排尿需要依靠大腦與神經協調才能完成,患有神經病變者,如中風、巴金森氏症、脊髓損傷、糖尿病神經病變等,神經傳導功能往往已受損,加上藥物影響,無法接收到排尿的正確指令。
陳鈺昕指出,感冒吃藥想要避開鎖尿危機,應掌握以下4個重點:1. 看診主動告知病史;2.不自行購買感冒藥;3.留意排尿變化;適量補水別過量。提醒若平時已出現尿流變細、斷斷續續、夜尿頻繁、解尿費力、尿意又急又猛等徵兆,應儘快就醫檢查,找出根本原因、及早接受治療,才不會等到又尿不出來必須開刀,才後悔莫及。

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