
美國研究團隊進行人體飲食試驗發現,連續4週每天吃酪梨後,受試者腸道內一類由腸道菌參與代謝的物質明顯下降。
美國伊利諾大學研究發現,43名過重或肥胖成人連續4週每天吃酪梨後,腸道內的次級膽汁酸總量較對照組顯著降低,部分腸道菌相與代謝物也出現變化,顯示酪梨對腸道環境有特定影響。
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美國研究團隊進行人體飲食試驗,探討連續4週每天吃酪梨對過重或肥胖成人的腸道菌相與代謝物的影響。
研究發現,連續4週每天吃酪梨,受試者腸道菌相與代謝物出現變化;示意圖。(圖取自Freepik)
愛吃酪梨的人可能會發現,這種常見水果不只提供脂肪與纖維,連腸道環境都可能跟著改變。美國研究團隊進行人體飲食試驗發現,連續4週每天吃酪梨後,受試者腸道內一類由腸道菌參與代謝的物質明顯下降,部分腸道菌相與代謝物也出現變化。
研究由美國伊利諾大學厄巴納香檳分校(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)團隊進行,43名過重或肥胖成人依序接受3種飲食,每種持續4週,中間休息2週。3種飲食分別為每天吃約209克酪梨、一般美式飲食,以及熱量相同、但模擬酪梨脂肪與纖維的對照飲食。
結果顯示,吃酪梨後,受試者腸道內的「次級膽汁酸」(secondary bile acids)總量,比酪梨脂肪與纖維對照飲食低34%,比一般美式飲食低24%。次級膽汁酸是膽汁進入腸道後,經腸道菌進一步代謝形成的一類物質,研究團隊認為,這是酪梨飲食下最明顯的腸道變化之一。
不只是菌相 腸道發炎指標也有變化
研究也發現,吃酪梨後,糞便中的醋酸濃度比一般美式飲食高28%;不過,採用相同脂肪與纖維組成的對照飲食,也出現類似變化。反映腸道發炎狀況的鈣衛蛋白(Calprotectin),在酪梨組比一般美式飲食低約30%,對照飲食也低約26%。
至於血液中的C反應蛋白(CRP)、白介素6(IL-6)等全身性發炎指標,3種飲食之間則沒有顯著差異。研究團隊因此觀察到,酪梨帶來的部分變化,可能集中在腸道本身,而不一定反映在全身發炎指標。
研究特別設計了「脂肪與纖維對照組」,就是為了區分腸道變化究竟來自酪梨本身,還是單純因為攝取更多脂肪與纖維。結果顯示,部分發酵相關變化兩組相近,但在次級膽汁酸與部分腸道菌相上仍存在差異。
這項研究目前刊載於醫學預印本平台medRxiv,尚未完成正式同儕審查;研究樣本也只有43人,每個飲食階段僅4週。因此,目前看到的是短期飲食介入後的腸道變化,是否能在更大規模人體研究中重現,仍待進一步確認。

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