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Back|联合国警告本次厄尔尼诺可能成为40年来最强且持续至明年2月
联合国警告本次厄尔尼诺可能成为40年来最强且持续至明年2月
Developing
自由时报·46 minutes ago·Environment·2 min read·🇨🇳China

联合国警告本次厄尔尼诺可能成为40年来最强且持续至明年2月

Quick Look

联合国气象机构警告,本次厄尔尼诺(El Nino)预计将成为过去40年有可比纪录以来最强的一次,且几乎肯定将持续至明年2月。厄尔尼诺将导致全球气温上升、极端天气增多,对降雨、气温模式及洪水、干旱等产生重大影响,并可能使2024年成为有史以来最热的一年。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

厄尔尼诺是一种自然发生的气候现象,通常每2到7年发生一次,持续约9到12个月。它通过加热赤道太平洋海面温度,改变全球风向、气压和降雨模式,导致极端天气事件。本次厄尔尼诺被预测为历史上最强之一。

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联合国气象机构3日警告,本次圣嬰現象(El Nino)估計將成為過去40年有可比紀錄以來最強的一次,而且幾乎確定將持續到明年2月。

联合国秘书长古特瑞斯(Antonio Guterres)对此表示,全球已陷入「极端天气的危险区」。

法新社报道,世界气象组织(WMO)表示,圣嬰現象在未来几个月将发展为「非常强烈」。WMO秘书长索罗(Celeste Saulo)表示:「如果这个轨迹持续下去,它可能会比我们开始监测以来的任何一次都还要强烈。」

请继续往下阅读...

WMO指出,圣嬰現象将在今年底达到高峰,但其对气候的连锁影响将一直持续到2027年。圣嬰現象使中东部赤道太平洋的海面温度升高,导致全球风向、气压和降雨模式的改变。

海洋中的热量释放到大气中的速度较慢,这会推升圣嬰現象发展后1年的全球气温。强烈的2023至2024年圣嬰現象,促使2024年成为有史以来最热的一年。索罗说:「如果这个纪录被打破,我们也不应该感到惊讶。」

WMO表示,圣嬰現象已经确立,并将在未来几个月内增强为非常强烈的事件,对降雨和气温模式产生重大影响,并带来洪水、干旱和极端高温等相关风险。

圣嬰現象是一种自然发生的现象,并非由气候变迁所引起。但科学家认为,它将加剧这个因燃烧化石燃料而已经变暖的星球的高温,同时放大极端天气。

联合国秘书长古特瑞斯表示:「圣嬰現象正在我們眼前急遽擴大」,地球正处于未知领域,而且海水正在升温。海面温度正在上升,气温不断攀升,「世界正处于极端天气的危险区。」

索罗敦促灾害管理部门,以及农业、渔业、卫生、能源和水资源等对气候敏感的产业做好准备,「这个异常的圣嬰現象……有可能对全球各地的社区和经济造成重大打击。」「我们已经看到干旱和洪水带来的破坏与毁灭,我们预计随着圣嬰現象增强,这些影响将会增加。」

圣嬰現象通常每2到7年发生一次,持续大约9到12个月。气候状况会在圣嬰現象及其相反的「反圣嬰現象」(La Nina)之间摇摆,两者之间则是中性状态。

圣嬰現象可以重塑距离热带太平洋数千公里外的天气和气候模式。WMO气候预测主任穆夫馬歐基亞(Wilfran Moufouma Okia)表示,有些地方会在今年稍晚的高峰期之前受到影响,有些则在高峰期期间或之后受到影响,但高峰的强度并非影响严重程度的唯一指标。

根据WMO预测,9月至11月期间,「几乎所有陆地地区」出现高于正常气温的可能性都会增加。衡量中东部赤道太平洋海面温度异常的指数,已从5月至7月间高于正常值摄氏1.5°C的平均水平进一步增强。7月下旬至8月中旬的每周数值范围,在比平均高出2.2°C至2.6°C之间,显示圣嬰現象正持续增强。

WMO将圣嬰事件分为弱、中、强或极强,这意味着这次圣嬰現象将达到4个等级中的最高级。穆夫馬歐基亞表示,这个等级意味着海面温度异常超过正2°C,「这个等级的上限是开放的:我们知道起点,但不知道终点。」

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 厄尔尼诺将在今年底达到高峰,其气候影响将持续至2027年

    Very likely · Within months

  • 2024年有可能成为有史以来最热的一年

    Likely · Within months

  • 洪水、干旱和极端高温等风险将随着厄尔尼诺增强而增加

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • ?厄尔尼诺的峰值强度将达到多少?
  • ?哪些地区将受到最严重的洪水或干旱影响?
  • ?厄尔尼诺结束后是否会转向拉尼娜?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

Quick Look

联合国气象机构警告,本次厄尔尼诺(El Nino)预计将成为过去40年有可比纪录以来最强的一次,且几乎肯定将持续至明年2月。厄尔尼诺将导致全球气温上升、极端天气增多,对降雨、气温模式及洪水、干旱等产生重大影响,并可能使2024年成为有史以来最热的一年。

AI-generated summary

Story signals

News tone
Sensitive
Emotional intensity
High
News value
High
Global impact
Global
Urgency
Developing
Follow-up likelihood
Very likely
Relevance window
Months

Source & Reliability

Source
自由时报
Story type
Hard news
Source quality
Full
Published
46 minutes ago
厄尔尼诺
联合国
世界气象组织
厄尔尼诺
安东尼奥·古特雷斯
塞莱斯特·索罗
威尔弗兰·穆夫马欧基亚
联合国
世界气象组织
赤道太平洋
全球
联合国
世界气象组织
极端天气
气候变化
全球变暖
海面温度

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