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鸟中大熊猫东方白鹳归来:长江大保护见证生态蝶变
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中国新闻网2 hours agoEnvironment5 min readChinaView translation

鸟中大熊猫东方白鹳归来:长江大保护见证生态蝶变

东方白鹳从候鸟变身留鸟,长江流域越冬种群超8000只

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被称为“鸟中大熊猫”的东方白鹳沿长江翩跹归来,十年间长江流域越冬种群从2500-3500只增至超8000只,分布从单一核心区扩展至全域覆盖,折射出长江大保护的显著成效。

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Why It Matters

东方白鹳是国家一级重点保护野生动物及IUCN濒危物种,传统上“北繁南越冬”。十年长江大保护及禁渔令实施以来,其栖息环境持续改善。

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湖北沉湖的芦苇荡里、洞庭湖的广袤洲滩、鄱阳湖的碧波之上……

有着“鸟中大熊猫”之称的东方白鹳,正沿着万里长江翩跹归来。

它们的迁徙轨迹,串联起长江大保护十年间的生态蝶变。

作为国家一级重点保护野生动物、IUCN 濒危物种,东方白鹳对栖息环境极为挑剔,传统上“北繁南越冬”,一度在长江流域多地销声匿迹。

近年来,东方白鹳不仅回来了,而且繁殖区已显著南扩,长江沿线多地相继出现它们筑巢繁殖的身影,越来越多个体不再遵循“北迁繁殖”的节律,从“候鸟”变身“留鸟”。

这份选择的背后,是长江沿线十年如一日的生态守护:

上游重庆,建成长江流域首个鱼类“救护船”,护佑水生生物的同时,为候鸟筑牢食源根基;

湖北沉湖,十年累计退耕还湿3.2万亩、退渔还湿7.8万亩,东方白鹳欣然归来,2026年种群数量再创新高;

湖南洞庭湖,全天候高科技防护网加持,村民自发加入护鸟队伍,2025年东方白鹳筑巢时间较上年提前三个月;

江苏高邮湖,为每一处东方白鹳巢穴挂牌守护,相关保护案例两度亮相联合国气候变化大会,向世界展示中国生态保护样本。

10年间,长江流域越冬东方白鹳种群从2016年的约2500-3500只,增长至2026年的超8000只,占全球种群比例始终稳定在80%以上,成为全球东方白鹳种群恢复的核心承载区。

10年间,东方白鹳在长江流域的越冬分布,从鄱阳湖单一核心区,扩展至长江干流、通江湖泊、支流湿地全域覆盖,湖北、湖南、安徽等省多个保护区实现了从绝迹到历史最高纪录的突破。长江流域有望成为东方白鹳的第二繁殖区,对全球种群的恢复与存续具有里程碑意义。

北京师范大学教授、中国动物学会鸟类学分会主任委员张正旺认为,作为国家一级保护动物、湿地生态系统核心指示物种,东方白鹳种群的10年逆转,直接反映长江湿地生态系统的健康程度,是长江大保护生物多样性保护成效的标志性成果。

十年长江大保护,“共抓大保护、不搞大开发”理念深入人心,“长江十年禁渔”深入推进,湿地修复全域开展,全民护鸟意识显著提升。长江沿线湿地不断扩容,已经成为东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙通道上的关键“生命驿站”。

东方白鹳、青头潜鸭、中华秋沙鸭、白鹤、黑鹳……东方白鹳和它的朋友,飞越长江,留在长江。这是生态的回响,是文明的觉醒,更是长江大保护交出的最美答卷。

飞鸟落处,便是生态向好的印记。大江潮涌,万鸟来栖,这是荆楚大地写给万里长江的动人诗行。

Open Questions

  • 未来长江流域是否会全面确立为东方白鹳的稳定繁殖区?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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