Back美共和黨大敗無損法國極右翼復辟 雷朋明年問鼎總統寶座勝算仍高
美共和黨大敗無損法國極右翼復辟 雷朋明年問鼎總統寶座勝算仍高
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自由时报2 hours agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

美共和黨大敗無損法國極右翼復辟 雷朋明年問鼎總統寶座勝算仍高

儘管川普所屬共和黨在期中選舉失利,專家認為極右翼在法國等國仍具強大政治影響力

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儘管近期全球多位右翼民粹領導人敗選,專家分析指出,極右翼勢力在法國等國仍具強大影響力。法國極右翼領袖雷朋因非執政者,反而可能在反現任者的浪潮中獲益,法國恐面臨類似2016年美國的政治轉折。

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Why It Matters

過去18個月內,美歐多地出現民族主義與反移民政黨敗選現象。專家指出,極右翼論調已逐漸進入主流政治視野。

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美國總統川普(Donald Trump)10年前爆冷勝選所發出的民粹震撼波曾遍及西方世界,而今川普所屬的共和黨在美國期中選舉中慘敗,是否也意味右翼民粹主義已沒落衰退?

儘管過去18個月在美歐各地已有8個主打民族主義與反移民政策的領導人或政黨敗選,專家指出,極右翼抬頭已是21世紀政治特徵,第4度問鼎總統寶座的法國極右翼領袖雷朋(Marine Le Pen),勝算仍高。

今年4月起,選民先後在匈牙利把右派總理奧班(Viktor Orbán)趕下台、終結塞爾維亞右翼民粹主義總理武契奇(Aleksandar Vučić)長期統治,以及阻止極右派的前巴西總統波索納洛(Jair Bolsonaro)的兒子接棒執政。匈牙利智庫「政治資本研究所」(Political Capital Institute)所長克雷科(Peter Kreko)說:「當權力裂痕變得明顯時,就會觸發連鎖效應」。

而連鎖效應一旦發生,會造成重大影響的國家之一,莫過於半年後選總統、極右翼領導人雷朋目前民調領先的法國:雷朋一旦勝選,意味唯一擁有核武的歐盟成員國以及擁有否決權的聯合國安理會五大常任理事國之一,將落入極右派手中。

民粹右翼近來在政壇上失利,或許會令爭取成為首位法國女總統的雷朋不安;但專家指出,這股懲罰民粹主義執政者的怒火,反而可能有助於把雷朋推上台─因為雷朋並非在位者,她所領導的極右翼政黨「國民聯盟」(National Rally)不曾在法國執政。

對雷朋而言,從這次美國期中選舉結果中學到的教訓,與其說是「民粹主義者敗選」,還不如說是「現任者敗選」。

英國約克大學政治學教授哈利基歐普盧(Daphne Halikiopoulou)說,選舉失利當然是衰退之兆,但不等於驟死;許多情況下,極右翼政黨之所以流失選票,是因為競爭對手採納其政治立場。巴黎政治學院(Sciences Po university)政治學家伊瓦迪(Gilles Ivaldi)也說,極右翼在法國依然氣勢如虹。

法國民調專家指出,雷朋此前3度參選總統雖都落敗,但她如今的政治實力堪稱歷來最強。

英國巴斯大學(University of Bath)的政治學專家蒙東(Aurelien Mondon)認為,真正的危險在於「主流菁英未能」抵擋右翼勢力。法國現任總統馬克宏執政10年間,極右派論調已逐漸「進入主流」。

伊瓦迪也說,雷朋正好代表目前宰制法國政壇的憤怒與渴望劇變,明年的總統大選將檢驗法國是否還有「極右派抵禦防線」;目前看來,法國很可能將經歷1場法國版的「川普時刻」,「就像2016年的美國」。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 法國明年總統大選將檢驗極右派抵禦防線

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 法國選民是否會如預期般支持雷朋?
  • 主流政黨能否有效抵禦極右翼論調?

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