
業界分析:未來兩到三年是三星擴大市占率、爭取台積電客戶的關鍵窗口期
台積電先進製程訂單爆滿,產能難以負荷,促使蘋果、輝達等客戶尋求替代方案。韓國三星電子正積極擴張代工業務,爭取大型雲端服務商與無廠半導體公司訂單,業界視未來兩至三年為三星提升市占率的關鍵黃金期。
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台積電目前在先進製程(2奈米與3奈米)市場占據主導地位,但因訂單過多導致交付壓力。三星電子目前全球代工市占率約為5.9%,遠低於台積電的72.5%。
韓國《每日經濟新聞》報導,三星電子正加大努力,以期從台積電手中爭取客戶。業界分析人士指出,台積電的訂單應接不暇,這對三星而言是「黃金時機」,未來兩到三年將是決定三星代工命運的關鍵時期。
三星電子美國半導體子公司16日報告指出,三星代工業務正「快速擴張」,目前招聘行銷人員,以爭取新客戶並拓展現有客戶的業務。其目標包括開發自有人工智慧(AI)加速器的超大型雲端服務商以及無廠半導體公司。
報導指出,三星代工事業部門的積極行動從「外溢效應」獲得動能。台積電已無法滿足現有客戶對尖端製程半導體的所有訂單,迫使這些客戶尋求三星代工的生產。
台積電最先進的是2奈米與3奈米製程。2奈米製程用於生產蘋果與聯發科的最高效能智慧手機晶片,以及超微的中央處理器(CPU),3奈米製程則生產蘋果與高通的智慧手機晶片,以及輝達、超微、Google、亞馬遜、微軟與OpenAI的特定應用積體電路(ASIC)。
問題在於這些公司必須採用2奈米與3奈米製程生產下一代半導體,但台積電訂單已爆量,促使其不可能保證及時交付產品。
一名半導體業界主管說,「對於無廠半導體公司而言,無法確保台積電的產能可能造成整個業務推遲的嚴重局面,客戶湧向尖端製程唯一替代選項的三星電子是十分自然的事」。
該外溢效應已轉化為三星的實際訂單,其7月財報會議證實,爭取到大型雲端服務供應商,以及高效能運算(HPC)客戶的2奈米製程訂單。而三星與博通的合作也增加贏得科技巨頭AI晶片訂單的機率。博通是僅次於輝達的全球第2大無廠半導體公司。
業界認為,未來兩至三年是決定三星代工未來的「黃金時機」,該時期是台積電先進製程晶圓廠全面投產之前,也是英特爾與Rapidus代工業務上軌道之前。三星必須在此時期擴大市占率、贏得客戶信任,才能建立其台積電可靠替代選項的地位。
嘉泉大學(Gachon University)半導體學院講座教授金容奭(Kim Yong-seok)指出,三星從記憶體超級循環中獲得的巨大利潤,應將其中部份投資代工業務,「我們必須讓降至個位數的市占率至少回到兩位數」。數據顯示,今年第2季,台積電全球代工市占率72.5%,三星為5.9%。

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