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Back德国拟推新法:商家未来或须提供电子支付选项
德国拟推新法:商家未来或须提供电子支付选项
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德国之声6 minutes agoBusiness5 min readChina

德国拟推新法:商家未来或须提供电子支付选项

德国联邦财政部长推动新立法,要求商店、餐馆及服务业在接受现金的同时提供至少一种电子支付方式,以适应无现金趋势并打击金融犯罪。

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德国联邦财政部计划推出新立法,要求商店、餐馆及服务业在接受现金支付的同时,必须提供至少一种电子支付方式。此举旨在保障消费者支付选择权并打击逃税,预计于2027年实施,但引发了零售业对运营成本上升的担忧。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

德国长期以来以现金支付为主,传统上许多小商户拒绝接受银行卡等电子支付方式。

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德国联邦财政部长拉尔斯·克林拜尔近日推动一项新立法,要求商店、餐馆及服务业经营者未来在接受现金支付的同时,必须提供至少一种电子支付方式,包括银行卡、手机或智能手表支付。这意味着德国街头常见的“仅收现金”(Cash only)模式未来或将逐步消失。

在德国,欧元纸钞和硬币是法定支付工具,因此商家有义务接受现金支付,但不一定要提供刷卡和电子支付方式。尤其是在一些规模较小的店铺,比如小杂货铺、书报亭或是快餐店等,店家通常会拒绝顾客用银行卡支付,或者称要消费到一定金额以上才可以刷卡。

财政部计划:为消费者提供自由选择

根据财政部公布的改革方向,消费者今后应享有自由选择支付方式的权利,无论是购买一杯咖啡、一份土耳其烤肉,还是理发、购物,都可以选择现金或电子支付。企业可自行决定采用何种电子支付系统,但至少需要提供一种欧洲通行的支付方案。新规原则上不设营业额门槛,也不得向顾客额外收取电子支付手续费。

财政部表示,此举不仅是为了顺应消费者日益增长的无现金支付需求,也有助于打击逃税、洗钱等金融犯罪。由于电子交易会留下完整记录,因此比现金交易更容易追踪和监管。

调查:大多数德国人支持继续将现金作为支付手段

不过,政府同时强调,现金仍将保留其法定支付地位,新规定并非要取消现金,而是在现金之外增加电子支付选项。对于业余体育俱乐部、慈善机构等非营利组织,新规将给予豁免;乡村集市、跳蚤市场等交易场景也可能继续以现金交易为主。此外,政府还将研究是否需要针对特殊困难情况设立例外条款。

发达国家中最后的“现金支付社会”?

亚洲各地早已普及数字支付,很多人出门已经不再需要带钱包,只需一部手机即可。相比之下,德国仍是以传统的现金支付为主。不过近年来,德国消费者的支付习惯也在发生变化。

根据德国央行数据,2025年德国日常交易中约55%已采用非现金支付方式,现金交易占比下降至45%。其中,最常见的是借记卡支付,不过手机和智能手表等移动支付的使用率也持续增长。不过,现金仍受到许多老年人、低收入群体以及数字化程度较低人群的青睐。

按照德国财政部规划,法案草案将在今年提交内阁审议,随后进入议会立法程序。如果进展顺利,新规有望于2027年正式实施。届时,德国这个长期以“现金社会”著称的国家,或将进一步迈向电子支付时代。

零售业抗议 额外成本会否转嫁给消费者?

这一计划引发了零售业和餐饮业的担忧。德国零售业协会认为,强制要求接受电子支付将增加企业行政负担和运营成本。许多小型商户不仅需要购置刷卡设备,还要承担交易手续费。业内人士指出,使用德国本土Girocard支付成本相对较低,而Visa、Mastercard等国际银行卡以及信用卡则会带来更高费用。部分行业组织因此呼吁允许商家将相关费用部分转嫁给消费者。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 法案草案将在今年提交内阁审议并进入议会立法程序

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 新规最终是否会允许商家向顾客转嫁手续费?
  • 非营利组织和特殊困难情况的具体豁免标准是什么?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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