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Back台積電讓熊本變有錢了 日媒揭繁榮背後真相太殘酷
台積電讓熊本變有錢了  日媒揭繁榮背後真相太殘酷
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

台積電讓熊本變有錢了 日媒揭繁榮背後真相太殘酷

台積電進駐熊本五年,帶動地方財政與人口成長,但交通壅塞、地價租金飆漲及人才流失問題日益嚴重。

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台積電熊本設廠五年,雖帶動當地人口紅利與財政實力,但也引發交通壅塞、地價飆漲及中小企業人才流失與經營困難等負面衝擊,地方政府面臨發展與在地生存平衡的挑戰。

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Why It Matters

台積電於2021年宣布在熊本設廠,隨後帶動大量半導體相關產業進駐,改變了當地經濟結構。

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台積電2021年宣布前往日本熊本設廠,至今已滿5年,帶動半導體相關企業接連設廠,不僅吸引人口移入,也讓地方財政實力大幅提升。然而,這股半導體淘金潮卻是幾家歡樂幾家愁。日媒揭露,當地交通壅塞日益嚴重,土地與租金價格飆漲,加上勞工被高薪半導體企業吸引,部分中小企業經營陷入困境,甚至被迫歇業。

日媒《讀賣新聞》11日報導,台積電熊本第一座工廠所在的菊陽町,傍晚下班尖峰時段,工廠前方道路經常出現長達數百公尺的車龍。根據日本國土交通省統計,2025年菊陽町及鄰近合志市、大津町的主要交通壅塞地點達38處,較2021年增加約4成。

隨著台積電進駐,半導體產業聚落快速擴張。截至今年3月底,熊本縣與半導體相關企業簽訂的設廠協議累計達71件,地方政府也積極推動道路拓寬、錯峰上下班等措施,因應企業進駐帶來的交通壓力。

這波投資熱潮也為熊本帶來人口紅利。最新人口普查顯示,與2020年相比,合志市人口增加2542人、大津町增加1728人、菊陽町增加1195人,分居熊本縣人口成長最多的前3名。

地方財政同樣受惠。2024年度菊陽町財政力指數達0.95,居熊本縣之冠,並自2025年度起成為無須接受地方交付稅補助的自治體;大津町及合志市的財政力指數也分別達0.73、0.63,均高於縣內市町村平均的0.36。

不過,繁榮背後的代價逐漸浮現。過去5年間,這3個地區住宅用地平均價格上漲約3至5成,商業用地價格更攀升至原本的1.3至2.2倍,讓部分在地業者承受沉重的租金壓力。

熊本縣商工會聯合會今年3月針對489家事業單位進行調查,其中88%表示難以判斷台積電進駐的影響,9%認為台灣人及工程相關人員帶動住宿、餐飲消費,帶來正面效益;另有3%指出,人事成本上升及缺工造成負面衝擊。

熊本縣大津町商工會透露,當地已有部分業者因租金上漲而退出商工會,甚至結束營業,也有員工為了更高薪資轉往半導體相關企業,使中小企業面臨人才流失問題。大津町商工會會長松永幸久表示,中小企業若要吸引人才,必須努力提升自身競爭力。

報導指出,半導體產業進駐帶來的經濟效益並未平均分配。有地方人士感嘆,正面效益多由大型企業享有,負面衝擊卻落在中小企業身上。台積電帶動熊本快速發展的同時,如何兼顧在地居民與中小企業生存,也成為地方政府必須面對的課題。

Open Questions

  • 地方政府將如何具體協助中小企業應對租金與人才壓力?
  • 交通壅塞問題是否會影響未來半導體供應鏈的物流效率?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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