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Back烏克蘭鋼企老闆稱:歐盟對華關稅殃及本國
烏克蘭鋼企老闆稱:歐盟對華關稅殃及本國
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BBC中文2 hours agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

烏克蘭鋼企老闆稱:歐盟對華關稅殃及本國

Quick Look

烏克蘭最大鋼鐵企業美提投資集團行政總裁尤里·雷任科夫呼籲歐盟取消對烏克蘭鋼鐵產品的進口限制,指歐盟近期為遏制來自中國等地廉價進口而收緊的鋼鐵關稅政策未考慮烏克蘭戰爭狀況,並警告烏克蘭對歐盟的鋼鐵出口可能下跌50%至60%。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

烏克蘭是歐盟重要的鋼鐵出口來源,戰爭前冶金和採礦業佔其國民收入約10%,但自2022年俄羅斯全面入侵以來,烏克蘭鋼鐵業遭受重創,多座鋼鐵廠曾被空襲攻擊。

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烏克蘭最大鋼鐵企業之一的負責人呼籲歐盟取消對烏克蘭產品的進口限制,指烏克蘭被「一併捆綁」進了旨在遏制來自中國等地廉價進口產品的措施之中。

美提投資集團(Metinvest)行政總裁尤里·雷任科夫(Yuriy Ryzhenkov)向BBC表示,歐盟近期對進口鋼鐵徵收的關稅「不公平」,是「完全沒有考慮到烏克蘭處境」而出台的措施。

他說,希望歐盟「至少作出例外安排」,讓烏克蘭鋼鐵產品能夠進入歐盟市場。

歐盟委員會(European Commission)發言人則表示,歐盟在制定鋼鐵政策時,「已考慮到烏克蘭面臨的困難處境」。

歐盟近期收緊鋼鐵進口限制,以保護成員國鋼鐵製造商。

根據新措施,每年可免稅進入歐盟市場的鋼鐵總量上限被設定為1,830萬噸,較2024年水平減少47%。

雖然政策設有部分國別配額,但整體目的在於削減鋼鐵進口量,因為歐盟成員國的鋼鐵企業正難以與來自中國和土耳其等地的廉價進口鋼鐵競爭。

儘管歐盟與烏克蘭之間已簽訂自由貿易協定(FTA),但該協定並不妨礙歐盟另行實施貿易保護措施。

雷任科夫表示:「烏克蘭在這些措施中被一併納入,卻完全沒有考慮到烏克蘭目前所處的情況。」他指的是持續中的俄烏戰爭。

他表示:「進入歐洲市場對我們的生存至關重要。」

「歐盟當局實施的這些限制措施,並沒有提供幫助。」

「我認為,烏克蘭與其他所有向歐盟出口鋼鐵的國家被同等對待,是不公平的。」

烏克蘭鋼鐵業估計,對歐盟的鋼鐵出口最終可能下跌約50%至60%。

歐盟方面則表示,專門為烏克蘭設立的鋼鐵配額仍能確保烏克蘭鋼鐵出口歐盟,但承認有關水平「低於過去數年」。

其發言人說:「即使在戰爭期間,烏克蘭仍是歐盟重要的鋼鐵出口來源。」

發言人又補充,歐盟已向受影響最大的供應方提供「補償安排」,當中包括烏克蘭。

鋼鐵產品是烏克蘭經濟的重要支柱。在俄羅斯於2022年全面入侵烏克蘭之前,冶金和採礦業約佔烏克蘭國民收入的10%,並貢獻約三分之一出口收入,而歐盟則是其最大的客戶。

然而,持續不斷的俄軍轟炸已重創這個產業。

雷任科夫表示,自2022年戰爭爆發以來,烏克蘭所有鋼鐵廠都曾遭受攻擊,而最近空襲更是「明顯加劇」。

他補充說,在9月份的某個時候,烏克蘭更出現約150年來首次「一噸鋼鐵也沒有生產出來」的情況。

自戰爭爆發以來,美提投資集團已有近800名員工喪生。

雷任科夫表示,公司已改善鋼鐵廠內可供員工在空襲期間避難的掩護設施。

他說:「我們唯一能做的,就是制定程序保障員工安全,遵守這些程序,並盡可能降低風險。」

「遺憾的是,你不可能把整座鋼鐵廠都覆蓋起來,令它完全免受破壞。」

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 烏克蘭對歐盟的鋼鐵出口將在未來數月下跌50%至60%

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 歐盟是否會為烏克蘭鋼鐵出口設立特別例外條款?
  • 烏克蘭鋼鐵業在戰爭中能否恢復產能?
  • 歐盟補償安排對受影響烏克蘭供應方的具體內容為何?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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