Breaking
CNThe Affiliated Hospital of Yangming Jiaotong University holds an international seminar to celebrate its 130th anniversary to plan "no walls" smart health in YilanCNYilan whale watching boat went out to sea due to a suspected power short circuit failure. 41 tourists were shocked and the fisherman gave red envelopes to calm them down.INDeath toll rises to 3 at Delhi Hauz Qazi collapseUKRelief, tears and sadness: Married at First Sight UK cast react to show being axedINTLUS Treasury sanctions eight Canadian money exchange firms over Iran tiesCN"Treasure Island Village" landed at Harbin Grand TheaterINTL‘One less gang leader’: Haiti’s prime minister celebrates police operationCNFrom national basketball player to head of state, Ariana unexpectedly takes over as President of ParaguayCNNight terror at Sun Moon Lake in Taichung Park! Surprised to see a "humanoid floating object" and it turned out to be a male bodyCNZhongrong breaks ground on the 4 billion medical science and technology building. Zhuo Rongtai claims that the health insurance budget has exceeded 1 trillion yuan.CNThe Affiliated Hospital of Yangming Jiaotong University holds an international seminar to celebrate its 130th anniversary to plan "no walls" smart health in YilanCNYilan whale watching boat went out to sea due to a suspected power short circuit failure. 41 tourists were shocked and the fisherman gave red envelopes to calm them down.INDeath toll rises to 3 at Delhi Hauz Qazi collapseUKRelief, tears and sadness: Married at First Sight UK cast react to show being axedINTLUS Treasury sanctions eight Canadian money exchange firms over Iran tiesCN"Treasure Island Village" landed at Harbin Grand TheaterINTL‘One less gang leader’: Haiti’s prime minister celebrates police operationCNFrom national basketball player to head of state, Ariana unexpectedly takes over as President of ParaguayCNNight terror at Sun Moon Lake in Taichung Park! Surprised to see a "humanoid floating object" and it turned out to be a male bodyCNZhongrong breaks ground on the 4 billion medical science and technology building. Zhuo Rongtai claims that the health insurance budget has exceeded 1 trillion yuan.
Back入冬标准如何确定?为何多地秋天越来越短?详解来了
入冬标准如何确定?为何多地秋天越来越短?详解来了
Science
中国新闻网13 hours agoScience6 min readChinaView translation

入冬标准如何确定?为何多地秋天越来越短?详解来了

专家详解气象学入冬判定指标,分析气候变暖背景下秋季窗口期压缩的成因及影响

Quick Look

11月7日迎来立冬,气象专家指出入冬需满足五天滑动平均气温低于10℃的标准。受气候变暖及厄尔尼诺影响,我国多地出现秋季缩短、夏季延长趋势,专家提醒公众注意换季健康风险及农业生产积温变化。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

立冬是二十四节气之一,标志着冬季的开始。气象学上入冬以五天滑动平均气温稳定低于10℃为判定标准。

Font size

明天(11月7日)将迎来立冬节气。立冬是节气意义上冬季的开始,但气象学上的入冬有着一定的气温判定指标。眼下,多轮冷空气接连影响,北方大部地区气温快速下滑,不少地方已有了冬的气息。

入冬标准如何确定?

立冬≠入冬。节气是古人基于物候、日照等总结的时序节点,而气象学上的入冬,通常是以五天滑动平均气温稳定低于10℃为标准。

中国气象局气象宣传与科普中心高级工程师 周颖:五天滑动平均气温是前后滑动计算的一种方式,取当天和往前四天,用这五天的日平均气温求出一个平均值,作为当日的“五天滑动平均气温”。之后的日期也是按照这种方式来推算,形成一条连续平滑的气温序列。

周颖:为什么要用这个来定义,而不是某一天或者某一时刻的气温来定义季节?因为单天气温很容易被单次冷空气过程或暖空气或阵风干扰,如果按单日温度判定,就会出现“今天入春,明天回冬”的反复现象。但是用滑动平均可以抹平这种短期震荡,保留趋势性变化,形成一个较为稳定的季节日期。

我国地域辽阔,冬季一般自北向南逐步推进,东北北部、内蒙古东北部往往是最早入冬的区域,华北、黄淮入冬时间普遍集中在11月上旬前后。

国家气候中心气候服务室工程师 王昱:目前我国北方大部地区已经正式步入冬季。与常年入冬时间相比,黑龙江、吉林等地入冬略偏早,北方其余大部分地区入冬较常年偏晚,其中辽宁中北部、西北地区中部等地偏晚5~20天,沈阳较常年偏晚11天。北京常年入冬日期为10月31日,今年目前还没有进入气象学意义上的冬天,不过周边城市河北秦皇岛已于10月31日入冬,本周末冷空气过后,气温将会明显下降,预计会正式入冬。

冷空气一轮接一轮,北方的秋天变短了?

冷空气一轮接着一轮,我国北方地区气温也是一降再降。不少公众觉得好像秋天还没来得及感受,就直接跳到了冬天。这种体感到底是真的还是错觉?

大家常说的一年四季,划分标准到底是怎样的?学者们以气温、降水等与农作物生长有密切关系的气象要素的分布状况为依据,进行了四季划分,其标准为:以五天滑动平均气温低于10℃作为冬季,10℃~22℃的作为春季或秋季,高于22℃的作为夏季。

按照这个标准,相较于夏、冬两季,我国大部分地区的秋季普遍不长。国家气象信息中心常年平均数据统计显示:东北、华北地区多数地方的秋季时长在50天左右;西南地区的秋季则普遍维持在70至80天。

不少科学家对我国季节变化进行研究发现:很多地方的入秋时间和入冬时间推迟,而且冬季、春季和秋季的长度均在变短;从区域来看,北方地区比南方地区明显,东部地区变化比西部地区明显。大城市中,长沙、宁波、郑州、银川等地秋季也明显“缩水”,幅度较大的宁波从20世纪90年代至今秋季缩短12天,银川、杭州、长沙也变少了7天至9天。

夏季延长冬季提前,秋季窗口期持续压缩

体感上“秋天一闪而过”不是主观错觉,是长期气候变暖叠加大气环流异常共同塑造的结果。一边是夏天不肯退场,入秋推迟;一边是冷空气活跃,入冬提速。两头挤压之下,秋天的窗口期被持续压缩。

秋季变短通常从两方面来看,一是入秋时间晚了,另一个是入冬正常或偏早,二者都有可能造成整个秋天日期偏短。气象数据统计显示,1991年至今,我国多地的秋季都在推迟,东部地区更加明显。此外,今年有监测记录以来最强的厄尔尼诺事件已形成,也将对我国气候产生明显的影响。

国家气候中心气候服务室工程师 王昱:厄尔尼诺发展年秋季,全国大部气温偏高,其中华东大部、华中大部、西南地区东部明显偏高。多地入秋进程偏晚,其中郑州于9月28日入秋,较常年偏晚14天,济南于10月1日入秋,较常年偏晚12天;而广州等城市于11月上旬才会正式入秋。

公众生活如何“跟上”季节变化节奏?

换季的窗口期变短,让不少公众觉得衣服还没来得及一件件换,气温已经像“过山车”一样起落;秋收秋种的农时也被压得更紧。

季节变短,最直接的影响在健康上。夏季“超长待机”,随后冷空气“一步到位”,气温骤降是呼吸道疾病、心脑血管疾病高发的诱因。专家建议,要特别关注低温天气对健康的影响存在一定滞后性,敏感人群在降温过后,仍然要持续关注身体状态。传统“春捂秋冻”的思路要灵活调整,不能一味硬扛。

秋季缩短,对农业生产同样有影响。气象专家介绍,入秋偏晚积攒的热量条件,有利于秋粮收获、产量增加,但入冬提前可能造成冬小麦等作物积温不足,若再叠加冬季干旱和冻害,第二年春季的长势会偏差。

Open Questions

  • 厄尔尼诺对今年冬季极端天气的具体影响程度如何?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

Related Stories

The 10th UNESCO International Life Sciences Research Award Award Ceremony was held
Science·

The 10th UNESCO International Life Sciences Research Award Award Ceremony was held

The 10th UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea International Life Sciences Research Prize Award Ceremony was held on November 6 at the UNESCO Headquarters in Paris. Professor Ye Yuru, president of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, won the award for his outstanding contributions to neuroscience and Alzheimer's disease research. The other two winners were from Spain and Morocco.

中国新闻网
2 min read
HKBU holds a conference on the homology of medicine and food to promote the transformation of scientific research results in traditional Chinese medicine
Science·

HKBU holds a conference on the homology of medicine and food to promote the transformation of scientific research results in traditional Chinese medicine

The second "Food and Medicine Conference 2026" was held at the Hong Kong Science Park from November 5th to 6th, attracting more than 800 representatives. The conference focused on method innovation, technology transformation and regulatory coordination in the field of medicine and food homology, aiming to promote the integration of scientific research results into the modern medical system and promote industrialization development.

中国新闻网
2 min read
my country’s first seamount digital spatial geographical information results released
Science·

my country’s first seamount digital spatial geographical information results released

The "Sea and Mountain Map" jointly created by the Ministry of Natural Resources, China Ocean Affairs Administration and others was released at the Xiamen International Ocean Week. This is my country's first seamount digital spatial geographical information achievement, which integrates my country's deep-sea survey data and demonstrates my country's contribution to the international naming of seabed places.

中国新闻网
2 min read
Yunnan’s “15th Five-Year Plan” Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Plan Released, Cross-border Disaster Prevention Collaboration Reinforced
Science·

Yunnan’s “15th Five-Year Plan” Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Plan Released, Cross-border Disaster Prevention Collaboration Reinforced

Yunnan Province issued the "15th Five-Year Plan for Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction", proposing to improve urban and rural earthquake resistance by 2030. The plan emphasizes strengthening monitoring and early warning in border areas, deepening international cooperation in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction with South and Southeast Asia, and sets a number of quantitative indicators to improve disaster prevention levels.

中国新闻网
3 min read
More on this topic立冬