
崖州湾国家实验室联合多家科研机构构建了覆盖水稻从种子萌发到开花结实全过程的三维时空细胞图谱,获取超过85万个高质量细胞核数据和34万个空间数据单元,注释出119种细胞类型和133个细胞亚型,揭示胚乳内部精细空间分工,为水稻生长发育研究和籽粒品质改良提供新资源。
AI-generated summary
过去,科研人员难以看清水稻内部的详细运作情况,这一认知盲区限制了对水稻生长发育和籽粒品质改良的深入理解。
新华社海口10月7日电(记者陈凯姿)一粒稻种,从发芽到长出稻穗的整个过程,其内部就像一座庞大且精密的超级工厂,成千上万的细胞,有的负责长根,有的负责结粒……它们需要在正确的时间和位置分工协作。
过去,科研人员难以看清水稻内部的详细运作情况。现在,这一认知盲区被打破。崖州湾国家实验室联合华大生命科学研究院、华中农业大学、南方科技大学、武汉大学、中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所等12家科研机构,构建了覆盖水稻从种子萌发到开花结实全过程的三维时空细胞图谱,为理解水稻生长发育、探索籽粒品质改良提供了新的研究资源。相关论文成果10月6日在线发表于国际学术期刊《细胞》。
科研人员以粳稻品种“中花11号”为材料,整合华大生命科学研究院自主研发的时空组学技术、单细胞组学技术、高通量基因测序仪等,建立了涵盖水稻10类器官或组织、61个发育阶段的图谱。其间,科研人员获取了超过85万个高质量细胞核数据,以及超过34万个空间数据单元,注释出119种细胞类型和133个细胞亚型。
这些数据将水稻细胞的分子特征与空间位置相互对应,并呈现出不同发育阶段的变化。有了这张“高清地图”,科研人员可以观察到不同细胞如何“打配合”并“拼装”出一株完整水稻。
据介绍,该项科研突破与人们的餐桌息息相关。例如,大米主要是水稻的胚乳,它决定了米饭的口感和营养。研究发现,看起来浑然一体的胚乳,其内部细胞有着极其精细的“空间分工”,靠近“背部”处富集碳水化合物代谢和淀粉合成相关基因;靠近“腹部”处则更偏向于储藏蛋白合成相关基因。此外,同一个关键调控因子,在不同的细胞空间环境里,也发挥着不一样的功能。这意味着,未来科学家想要培育更好吃或更有营养的水稻,可以对照图谱制定更有针对性的空间分区调控策略。
结合研究成果,科研人员还开发了水稻单细胞基础模型,后续可供更有效识别、比较和复用数据,为关键基因挖掘和定向育种探索,提供重要研究线索。
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科研人员将利用该图谱制定更有针对性的空间分区调控策略,以培育更好吃或更有营养的水稻。
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American scholar Halson won this year's Nobel Prize in Physics for his work capturing cosmic neutrinos in the Antarctic ice. The Institute of Physics of Academia Sinica collaborated with his team to develop open source software to assist in data analysis. Taiwanese experts said that the research will help solve the mystery of the origin of the universe, and emphasized that it was not easy to build an observatory in Antarctica and that Halson was humble enough to share the results.

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Francis Halzen of the University of Wisconsin-Madison won the Nobel Prize in Physics for leading research at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in Antarctica, revealing "ghost particles" and ushering in a new type of astronomy. The award is selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and carries a cash prize of 12 million Swedish kronor.

The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physics will be won by Belgian particle physicist Halzen in recognition of his contribution to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos originating from astrophysical processes. He will receive a prize of 12 million Swedish kronor. The award ceremony is scheduled to be held on December 10.

On October 6, local time, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced that it would award the 2026 Nobel Prize in Physics to Francis Halzen in recognition of his decisive contribution to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources. This article also reviews the history of the Nobel Prize in Physics and its main achievements in recent years.