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Back中国经济面面观丨新质生产力:顶层设计落地,产业一线如何作答?
中国经济面面观丨新质生产力:顶层设计落地,产业一线如何作答?
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中国新闻网3 hours agoBusiness6 min readChinaView translation

中国经济面面观丨新质生产力:顶层设计落地,产业一线如何作答?

中共中央、国务院印发《关于发展新质生产力的意见》,围绕五个方面提出19项重点举措。

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中共中央、国务院近日印发《关于发展新质生产力的意见》,提出19项重点举措。专家与产业一线代表探讨了顶层设计的十六字原则、数据表现以及企业从规模竞争向效能竞争的转变。

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中共中央、国务院印发《关于发展新质生产力的意见》,提出19项重点举措。

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中国经济面面观丨新质生产力:顶层设计落地,产业一线如何作答?

近日,中共中央、国务院印发《关于发展新质生产力的意见》(以下简称《意见》),围绕科技创新、产业创新、发展方式创新、体制机制创新、人才工作机制创新五个方面提出19项重点举措。

目前新质生产力的发展态势如何?如何看待此次发布的顶层设计?产业一线反应如何?

- 顶层设计:系统谋划,明确“四对关系”

同济大学经济与管理学院教授陈强表示,《意见》明确了“创新主导、改革为要、因地制宜、先立后破”的十六字原则,提出统筹处理好政府和市场、质态和业态、改革和发展、自主和开放四对关系。值得注意的是,文件还专门进行了风险提示:严禁借发展新质生产力之名违规滥用政策,对一哄而上、盲目投资等造成重大损失的严肃追究责任。

陈强教授对十六字原则逐一拆解:“创新主导,强调创新是第一动力;改革为要,讲的是需要新型生产关系与之适配;因地制宜,强调各地要立足资源禀赋和优势条件;先立后破,讲的是发展新动能与淘汰旧动能的节奏把握。”

从数据看,新质生产力已积聚起可观势能。国家统计局数据显示,1至8月份,全国规模以上工业增加值同比增长5.3%。8月份,装备制造业增加值同比增长12.1%,高技术制造业持续领跑,集成电路制造、智能车载设备制造行业保持20%以上的高增长。

-产业一线:从“规模竞争”转向“效能竞争”

顶层设计的落地,企业感受最为直接。

“过去最怕技术领先、市场落后,现在这个政策站在我们这边,我们就敢往上去研发,也敢往应用场景上放了。”中铁上海院健康环境研究院院长李薇坦言,这份底气来自顶层设计对创新价值的高度认同,也来自对科技成果转化路径的清晰规划。

培育新质生产力,正在给经济社会发展带来深层次变革。陈强教授将其概括为三个层面:一是发展理念的变革——从主要依托要素投入转向科技创新寻找内生动力;二是创新要素的集聚——包括技术、人才、数据、算力等,加速向新领域、新赛道汇集;三是动能的持续迭代——新兴产业与传统产业转型升级同步推进。

“我们不是不要原有的产品,而是在原有基础上增加功能,把功能赋能给各个行业。”李薇院长以自身实践印证这一变化。她所在的企业正在研发销售新型材料,比如将核壳结构二氧化钛材料应用在长三角旅游列车车厢壁内——今年5月,这趟开往新疆的旅游列车首发,全车200位旅客平均年龄在65岁以上。这层纳米材料涂层能够持续长效保障旅客健康安全。她表示,传统产业发展新质生产力,是通过技术注入实现价值跃升。“同样的原材料、产能,产品性能要更强。现在的竞争维度,从成本转向价值,从规模转向效能。”

-以确定性应对不确定性

今年是在“十五五”开局起步的关键节点,加快发展新质生产力,顶层设计和路线图已然确定,各地区各领域要各显所长。

陈强表示,加快发展新质生产力,对中国经济发展逻辑的演进正在发生。一方面国家创新体系效能提升,另一方面现代化产业体系韧性增强,同时深化国家创新体系和现代化产业体系之间的互动。当前的外部形势变幻莫测,关键时刻出台这样一份《意见》,对于应对未来发展中的不确定性和风险,作用非常之大。

“加快发展新质生产力,全面赋能经济社会高质量发展。”“让技术创新落实到真实的场景上、真实的订单上。”两位访谈嘉宾的寄语,道出了新质生产力的本质——它扎根于经济实践、发展于真实场景中。从顶层设计的系统谋划,到车间一线的技术突破,新质生产力正在以看得见、摸得着的方式,影响着中国经济的未来面貌。

作者:王辰阳 肖劲涛

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 各地区各部门将根据《意见》陆续制定并出台具体落实举措

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 各地如何具体落实十六字原则?
  • 未来将出台哪些具体的配套细则?

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