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Back金正恩快閃丹東:新大橋背後的經濟盤算與外交訊號
金正恩快閃丹東:新大橋背後的經濟盤算與外交訊號
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德国之声2 hours agoWorld6 min readChinaView translation

金正恩快閃丹東:新大橋背後的經濟盤算與外交訊號

金正恩在鸭绿江大桥通车后首次访华,会晤全国政协主席王沪宁,引发外界对其经济政策及外交意图的猜测。

Quick Look

朝鲜领导人金正恩于10月24日访问中国丹东,视察新鸭绿江大桥并会晤全国政协主席王沪宁。此次访问适逢抗美援朝纪念日,金正恩未与习近平会面,外界分析此举旨在寻求经济合作并向俄罗斯传递外交信号。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

新鸭绿江大桥于2014年完工,但因朝鲜一侧配套设施未到位,直至2024年10月15日才正式通车。此次是金正恩掌权以来第六次访华。

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韩官媒《劳动新闻》10月25日报道,朝鲜领导人金正恩24日经由本月15日开通的朝中鸭绿江桥(中朝鸭绿江界河公路大桥,亦称新鸭绿江大桥),前往位于朝中边境的中国辽宁省丹东市访问,并于当天返回朝鲜。

报道强调,此次访问适逢中国人民志愿军参加韩战76週年。访问期间,金正恩会晤了中共领导层排名第四的全国政协主席王沪宁,并参观“抗美援朝纪念馆”及丹东市一家巴士工厂。不过,对于中国外交部长王毅也出席的金正恩与王沪宁会谈,《劳动新闻》及中国官媒的报道主要聚焦双方的友好表态与扩大合作的意愿,未披露具体合作方案或协议。

这是金正恩继去年9月访问北京后,时隔约13个月再度访中;上次访中则距2019年1月之行约6年8个月。此次也是金正恩掌权以来,第六次访问中国,并首次未与中国国家主席习近平会面便返回朝鲜。

在金正恩访问丹东的消息获得证实前,日媒《共同通信》24日中午报道,当地部分地区实施严格交通管制,并引述外交消息人士推测,措施可能与朝鲜高层到访有关。日媒《朝日新闻》同日也引述丹东居民的消息报道,当地道路遭到封锁,多处出现交通堵塞,居民甚至无法走出所在建筑物。

金正恩近日才成为未获证实的死亡传闻主角,此次公开出访也因此受到关注。另一面,11月18日至19日将在中国深圳举行的亚太经合组织(APEC)峰会,先前已引发外界对金正恩可能与美国总统特朗普会面的猜测。丹东之行究竟著眼于双边经贸,还是涉及更广泛的外交安排,各界解读不一。

前韩国统一部副部长金炯锡向德国之声表示,“在朝鲜推进核武开发后,经济发展路线的成果仍然有限,金正恩可能希望藉此次访问争取中国的经济合作。”

他认为,金正恩也可能有意消除近期死亡传闻在国内外造成的负面影响,因此以实地视察完工后延宕12年才通车的新鸭绿江大桥为名,临时安排了此次访问。

新鸭绿江大桥连接中国丹东与朝鲜北西部的新义州,2014年便已完工,但朝鲜一侧的道路及海关等配套设施未能及时到位,导致通车一再延后,直到今年10月15日才正式开通。

韩国前国家情报院(NIS)副院长韩基范向德国之声表示,“此次访中可视为平壤试图将政治上的连结转化为经济实益。不过,大桥通车后,两国之间的实际货运量能增加多少,仍有待观察。”

前朝鲜士兵、现任首尔世界朝鲜研究中心负责人安灿一向德国之声表示,他从此次访问中看到了开放的信号。他认为,新鸭绿江大桥通车后,金正恩亲自踏上中国土地,体现了“立足自己的土地,放眼世界”的意愿。

安灿一继续说明,“这与他所称的‘开放派’内阁总理朴泰成上任相呼应,可能是朝鲜朝引进中国式市场社会主义迈出的第一步。”

朴泰成于2024年12月获任朝鲜内阁总理,同时晋升劳动党中央政治局常委。他曾于2018年率领由朝鲜各道、市党委负责人组成的代表团访问中国,并获习近平接见。据新华社当时的报道,朴泰成表示,访问旨在学习中国经济建设及改革开放经验,服务朝鲜集中力量发展经济的路线。

不过,将大桥通车及此次访问视为朝鲜转向中国经济模式,仍属安灿一的分析。这次公开的访问消息并未包含相关政策宣布。

韩国统一部前发言人郑俊熙向德国之声表示,丹东之行同时具有对北京和莫斯科传递信号的意义。郑描述,“此次访问可以有不同解读,其中之一,是将今年6月习近平访问朝鲜后的战略合作后续措施,以具体行动呈现出来。表面上是新鸭绿江大桥通车,但金正恩亲自到访,让两国合作的进展变得可见。”

郑俊熙也认为,平壤可能藉此向俄罗斯展示,在与莫斯科谈判之外,自己还有其他合作选项。换言之,强化对中关系,也可能是一项要求俄方进一步扩大对朝鲜合作的无声信息。

乌俄战争后,朝鲜向俄方提供弹药并派遣军人,支援俄罗斯对乌作战,双方的军事合作也伴随经济与运输联系的扩大。

今年9月7日,连接朝鲜东北部罗先与俄罗斯远东地区哈桑的“图们江公路大桥”,又名“雅科夫・诺维琴科(Yakov Novichenko)大桥”正式通车,成为两国之间首条跨境公路通道,补充既有的铁路运输。随著这座桥与新鸭绿江大桥先后启用,向来以封闭著称的朝鲜,在新冠疫情后与俄罗斯、中国之间的人员往来及货物运输有了更多通道。

Open Questions

  • 中朝双方是否有具体的经济合作协议?
  • 此次访问是否预示朝鲜经济政策的重大转向?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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