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Back行政院修菸害防制法擬將持有電子煙納罰 最高刑責7年
行政院修菸害防制法擬將持有電子煙納罰 最高刑責7年
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自由时报11 minutes agoLaw2 min readChina

行政院修菸害防制法擬將持有電子煙納罰 最高刑責7年

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行政院通過菸害防制法修正草案,擬將持有電子煙納入行政罰並提高類菸品罰鍰,製造、輸入、販賣等上游行為改以刑罰處理,重大違法最高可處7年徒刑。立法院衛環委員會審查時,各黨對刑度及分級標準意見不一,出口規範成為修法卡關主因。立委林月琴指出,電子煙偽裝成吊飾等形態導致校園辨識困難,執法面臨『認不出、不能搜、難認定持有』等問題。律師陳建曄則建議改採『原則禁止、例外授權』,將刑罰集中於製造、販售及大量持有等上游行為,避免業者透過產品翻新規避查緝。

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Why It Matters

電子煙因外觀多樣化、易於網路販售且部分產品被發現摻入依托咪酯等新興毒品,成為毒品吸食媒介,對社會治安及校園安全造成威脅。行政院因此提出菸害防制法修正草案,試圖從源頭遏止電子煙流通。

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電子煙除涉及違法輸入,部分煙油更可能摻入依托咪酯等新興毒品,成為毒品吸食媒介,對社會治安及校園安全造成危害。示意圖。(資料照)自由電子報關心您,吸菸有害健康

電子煙改頭換面、轉戰網路販售,甚至偽裝成吊飾造型,讓查緝難度大增,行政院提出菸害防制法修正草案,除擬將「持有」電子煙納入處罰,更祭出最高7年刑責盼從源頭遏止流通。立委林月琴直言,即使修法通過,校園仍面臨「認不出、不能搜、難認定持有」等執法難題;律師陳建曄則認為,面對產品不斷翻新的新興菸品,應改採「原則禁止、例外授權」,並將刑罰集中用於製造、販售及大量持有等上游行為,避免法規追不上市場變化。

行政院日前通過菸害防制法修正草案,擬將「持有」電子煙納入行政罰、提高類菸品罰鍰,並強化網路業者管理責任;製造、輸入、販賣、供應及展示類菸品則改以刑罰處理。刑責部分,草案以1000件或總淨重100公斤為分級標準,重大違法最高可處7年徒刑,一般違法則處3年以下徒刑。不過,立法院衛環委員會7月初審時,各黨對刑度及分級標準意見不一。

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此外,草案要求網路業者限制瀏覽、移除違法資訊及保存資料,但因業者管控能力不同,加上資料保存180天涉及個資及證據保全爭議,各黨立委持不同意見,相關條文均予保留。

立委林月琴受訪表示,出口規範是修法卡關主因之一,有版本主張僅供出口產品免經審查,由輸入國把關,也有利業者出口;但部分立委認為,菸害防制法目的在降低菸害,不應以產業發展為由放寬規範,雙方協商未有共識,條文因此保留;目前委員會協商已完成,後續將送院會協商,由立法院長韓國瑜主持,排案時間將是修法能否加速通過的關鍵。

修法雖將「持有」電子煙納入處罰,實際執法仍有難題,林月琴表示,部分電子煙載具偽裝成吊飾,甚至僅有打火機大小,家長、老師難以辨識;若學生辯稱不知情,也涉及是否具有持有故意的認定。此外,教師能否因懷疑學生攜帶電子煙而搜索,也牽涉校園管理權限;主管機關應明確訂定辨識、持有認定及校園處理規範,搭配沒入、輔導等措施,避免修法上路後出現執法落差。

陳建曄表示,列舉式管制難以跟上市場,修法應改採「原則禁止、例外授權」,具顯著抑制、興奮或成癮效果的物質原則納入醫療或行政管制;無合法醫療或特別授權者,不得製造、販售、持有或使用,避免業者透過拆解、改名等方式規避查緝。

陳建曄認為,執法應以行政管制為主、刑事手段為後盾,網路平台須配合限制瀏覽、停止解析及保存數位足跡,裁罰則以「持有」為基礎,再依數量及是否涉及製造、運輸、販售、營利或提供高風險族群等情節加重;校園查獲違禁菸品應直接沒入,未成年人則以教育輔導為主。司法資源有限,不宜全面重刑化,刑罰應集中於大量持有,且疑涉製造、販售、營利或供應高風險族群者,讓司法機關得運用搜索、扣押、通訊監察等手段追查上游。

☆自由電子報關心您,吸菸有害健康☆

相關新聞請見:

電子煙法律戰3-2》賣家轉戰網路躲查緝 3年罰10億仍「抓不勝抓」

電子煙法律戰3-1》網路違規販售難管!平台業者挨罰提告訴訟不斷

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 菸害防制法修正草案將在立法院會協商階段完成協商並送交表決

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 校園將加強對電子煙的辨識訓練與處理流程建立,但短期內執法落差仍可能存在

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 修法最終條文何時能夠三讀通過?
  • 校園究竟應如何執行電子煙搜索與處理作業?
  • 網路平台在限制瀏覽及保存數位足跡方面將承擔何種法律責任?

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