
走访地处长江源的青海沱沱河气象站
位于长江源海拔4533米的沱沱河气象站迎来建站70年。作为中国海拔最高的探空气象站,该站多年来克服极端高海拔环境,持续向全球提供气象观测数据,为高原及全球气候研究提供基础支撑。
AI-generated summary
沱沱河气象站于1956年建站,海拔4533米,是中國海拔最高的探空气象站,承担多领域观测任务。
中新网西宁11月10日电 题:中国海拔最高探空气象站70年:向全球传递高原风云
作者 孙 responseObject 综合报道
“我们做梦最害怕的事情就是气球放不出去。”9日,在地处长江源的青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州格尔木市沱沱河气象站,干了14年的站长苗培林说起这份高原工作,开口便是这句话。
沱沱河是长江正源,海拔4533米,氧气不足平原一半,被称作“生命禁区”。
图为2003年的沱沱河气象站。青海省气象局供图
1956年,第一代中国气象人在沱沱河立起观测场,至今已整整70年。作为中国海拔最高的探空气象站,如今这里已成为中国国家气象站网的核心测报站和全球资料交换站。地面、高空、酸雨、生态等多领域观测任务在这里同时展开,为研究青藏高原乃至全球气候变化提供基础支撑。
苗培林口中的气球是探空气球。每天释放探空气球是台站雷打不动的观测任务。
苗培林回忆,“有一次气球刚脱手,就被狂风卷挂到高压线上,我们只能用长木杆解决。现在想想,还真的是冒着生命危险。”
如今随着北斗通信、探空业务现代化升级,这类搏命处置的场景已不再出现,但高原值守的考验依旧存在。
图为现如今的沱沱河气象站观测场。赵海梅 摄
1989年出生的苗培林,大学毕业后便主动申请来到这处艰苦的台站。长期缺氧患上顽固性高血压,一次值守时血管突发爆裂,脱险之后左臂一直麻木酸胀。
副站长汪洪才是站内在岗年龄最大的老观测员,早年的气象设备给他留下很深印象。
“那时候没有自动记录,屏幕跳出的数据,要一个个手抄,还要核对、复诵。一台机器、一支笔、一本观测簿,就是我们的工作台。”汪洪才回忆道。
现在台站采用网桥加蜂窝网络,风雪季线路故障大幅减少,数据无线直达数百公里外的业务平台。
“线少了,活却不能全交给机器。零下三十多(摄氏)度的夜晚,照样要打手电出去巡检。”汪洪才说,站里实行“日巡检、周排查、月维护”的运维机制,“设备再智能,也替代不了那束手电筒的光。”
2025年7月,气象站所在区域遭遇极端短时强降雨,日降水量和最大小时雨强两项数据刷新建站7月极值。全站24小时在岗监测,第一时间向地方推送雨情,支撑防汛和民众转移,实现零伤亡、零财产损失。
“未来5到10年,可能会出现更先进的智能设备。”苗培林坦言,技术会不断更新,但荒原深夜里那束手电筒的光,还会继续留在长江源头。(完)

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