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Back防範晶片機密外洩 南韓70多年來首次擴大間諜法適用範圍
防範晶片機密外洩 南韓70多年來首次擴大間諜法適用範圍
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自由时报5 minutes agoBusiness3 min readChina

防範晶片機密外洩 南韓70多年來首次擴大間諜法適用範圍

南韓修訂間諜法應對中國競爭,竊取國家機密最高可判30年監禁

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南韓為保護半導體等關鍵技術免受外國間諜侵害,70多年來首次擴大間諜法適用範圍。自週日起,為外國竊取國家機密者最高可判30年監禁,以堵住過往僅適用於北韓的法律漏洞。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

南韓舊有法律規定僅為敵對國家(實指北韓)工作者才可被判間諜罪,此次修法將範圍擴大至所有外國。

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中國半導體業竊取西方國家晶片機密不斷,引起各國警戒。

為了保護晶片機密免受外國間諜侵害,南韓首爾政府正在加強防範針對其世界領先的半導體產業的工業間諜活動,70多年來首次擴大間諜法的適用範圍,以應對中國競爭對手縮小的技術差距。

從週日起,為外國竊取「國家機密」的人可能會被以間諜罪起訴,並可能面臨最高30年的監禁。該定義涵蓋了可能威脅國家安全的非公開訊息,包括經濟、科學和技術等領域的資訊。修正案堵住了南韓法律中一個長期存在的漏洞,該漏洞規定只有為「敵對」國家(實際上僅指北韓)工作的人才能被判犯有間諜罪。

首爾方面對科技外洩感到擔憂,而科技外洩問題在今年佔南韓出口總額40%以上的行業中引發了關注,該行業在當前的人工智慧繁榮時期推動了經濟成長。在此背景下,政府推出更嚴格的監管措施。

今年早些時候,該法案獲得通過成為法律時,法務部長官鄭成湖表示,它提供了一張法律安全網,可以防止先進技術的洩露。上個月,工業技術保護政策委員會召開會議,司法部、科學部、中小企業部等部門、警察部門都派代表出席。工業部高級官員在會上表示:我們將調動國家全部力量,從政策制定到調查、起訴和判刑,嚴厲打擊技術洩露行為。

南韓國家警察廳去年查獲了創紀錄的33起技術洩漏海外案件。其中超過一半涉及中國。南韓國家警察廳表示,半導體產業是受攻擊最多的領域。

安全問題遠不止三星電子和SK海力士這兩家位於南韓龐大而複雜的晶片供應鏈頂端的記憶體晶片製造商。規模較小的零件和材料供應商也常常掌握敏感訊息,但它們缺乏像三星和SK等主導南韓經濟的家族企業集團那樣雄厚的資源來保護這些資訊。根據南韓國家警察廳統計,去年所有技術外洩案件中,86%涉及中小企業。

去年,警方在首爾附近的金浦機場逮捕了一名SK海力士供應商的前僱員,當時他正準備前往中國。警方指控他試圖將敏感的高頻寬記憶體晶片封裝技術帶走。

成均館大學半導體專家權錫俊表示:「間諜活動最猖獗的管道是招募退休高管和資深工程師,通常會提供兩到三倍於以往的薪水。」他還補充說,這些招募工作「是透過新加坡、台灣或香港的空殼公司或諮詢機構進行」。

隨著中國記憶體晶片製造商的崛起,人們的擔憂日益加劇。中國領先的DRAM生產商長鑫存儲在2026年上半年的營收年增近9倍,達到224億美元。

根據TrendForce的數據,長鑫存儲在全球DRAM收入中所佔市占從2026年第一季的7.6% 上升到第二季度的9.5%,而三星的市占為39.4%,SK海力士的市占為24.9%。

去年12月,南韓檢方宣布對10名前三星員工提起訴訟,指控他們涉嫌將三星的18奈米DRAM製造技術轉移給長鑫存儲公司。警方認為,其中一人在加入長鑫存儲之前,曾手工抄錄了三星數百個生產步驟。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 南韓警方將依據新間諜法起訴更多涉嫌技術外洩的人員

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 新法規對中小企業的實際嚇阻效果為何?
  • 中國企業將如何應對南韓更嚴格的審查?

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