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Back|超長寿、ミトコンドリア機能が基盤 細胞のエネルギー生産―194歳ゾウガメを解析・国際チーム
超長寿、ミトコンドリア機能が基盤 細胞のエネルギー生産―194歳ゾウガメを解析・国際チーム
Science
時事通信·18 hours ago·Science·2 min read·🇯🇵Japan·

超長寿、ミトコンドリア機能が基盤 細胞のエネルギー生産―194歳ゾウガメを解析・国際チーム

Quick Look

世界最高齢194歳のゾウガメ「ジョナサン」のゲノム解析で、ミトコンドリア機能維持とDNA修復に関わる遺伝子群がよく制御されていることが判明。米カレル財団など国際チームがサイエンス・アドバンシズに発表。長寿メカニズムの解明に期待。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

ゾウガメはもともと長寿だが、ジョナサンは同種の寿命の2倍以上、194歳まで生きている。これまでの研究では高齢でのミトコンドリア機能低下が老化と関連するとされてきた。

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世界最高齢194歳の雄ゾウガメ「ジョナサン」の超長寿の謎を解明するため、DNAを採取して全遺伝情報(ゲノム)などを詳細に解析したところ、細胞内でエネルギーを生産する小器官「ミトコンドリア」の機能を維持したり、損傷したDNAを修復したりする遺伝子群がよく制御されていることが分かった。

米カレル財団やバンダービルト大などの国際研究チームが7日付の米科学誌サイエンス・アドバンシズに発表した。

ミトコンドリアは一つの細胞内に多数ある小器官で、エネルギー物質のアデノシン三リン酸(ATP)を生み出す。通常、年を取るにつれて機能が低下するが、2024年に当時世界最高齢の117歳で死去したスペインの女性のゲノム解析でも、ミトコンドリアが同年代に比べ、極めてよく働いているとの報告があった。

細胞のエネルギー生産は全身の活動の基盤で、高齢者で増えるさまざまな慢性疾患の背景にミトコンドリアの機能低下があるとみられる。研究成果は、老化の詳細な仕組みの解明とより有効な対策に役立つと期待される。

ジョナサンはインド洋のアルダブラ環礁に生息する「アルダブラゾウガメ」。1882年に南大西洋の英領セントヘレナの総督に贈られて以来、飼育されており、190歳だった2022年には最高齢のカメ類としてギネス世界記録に認定された。ゾウガメはもともと長寿だが、同種の寿命の2倍以上、長生きしている。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • ジョナサンのゲノムデータを基に、ミトコンドリア機能を標的とした抗老化治療法の研究が進む

    Likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • ?ジョナサンの長寿をもたらす具体的な遺伝子変異は何か
  • ?このメカニズムは他の種にも適用可能か
  • ?環境要因(食餌、生息地)が遺伝子制御に与える影響は

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This article was originally published by 時事通信.

Quick Look

世界最高齢194歳のゾウガメ「ジョナサン」のゲノム解析で、ミトコンドリア機能維持とDNA修復に関わる遺伝子群がよく制御されていることが判明。米カレル財団など国際チームがサイエンス・アドバンシズに発表。長寿メカニズムの解明に期待。

AI-generated summary

Story signals

News tone
Positive
Emotional intensity
High
News value
Moderate
Global impact
Global
Follow-up likelihood
Likely
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時事通信
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Published
18 hours ago
View translation
ジョナサン
アルダブラゾウガメ
ゲノム解析
ジョナサン
カレル財団
バンダービルト大学
セントヘレナ
アルダブラ環礁
インド洋
アルダブラゾウガメ
ゲノム解析
ミトコンドリア
DNA修復
長寿
カレル財団

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