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Back黄河中游湿地生态蝶变 大天鹅等多种候鸟成常客
黄河中游湿地生态蝶变 大天鹅等多种候鸟成常客
NEWS
中国新闻网2 hours agoEnvironment3 min readChinaView translation

黄河中游湿地生态蝶变 大天鹅等多种候鸟成常客

巡护员何建喜见证湿地从“人鸟争地”到“人退鸟进”的生态蝶变

Quick Look

山西运城平陆黄河湿地进入大天鹅越冬季,目前近3000只大天鹅抵达,预计12月底达10000余只。当地通过生态修复、小麦“口粮田”和野生动物致害补偿保险等措施,缓解人鸟争地,湿地生态持续改善。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

平陆县于2012年被中国野生动物保护协会授予“中国大天鹅之乡”称号。多年来,当地对荒山、矿山进行生态修复及国土绿化,山变绿、水变清,湿地水草和底栖生物恢复。从2023年起,当地推行野生动物致害补偿责任保险,涉及大天鹅损害莲菜和小麦等情况。山西省推进“一泓清水入黄河”生态保护工程,2025年PM2.5平均浓度降至30微克/立方米,黄河干流山西段连续四年保持Ⅱ类水质。

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11月7日,立冬,清晨6点,中国山西运城平陆黄河湿地的薄雾还未散尽,巡护员何建喜开始当天第一次巡视。水面上,从西伯利亚飞抵越冬的大天鹅自由觅食。陪伴大天鹅20余年,每天数次巡视,成为他在“天鹅季”的日常。

“每年秋冬,大天鹅分批而来。目前有近3000只,12月底将达到最高峰10000余只。”何建喜说,候鸟是生态环境的“晴雨表”,来此越冬的大天鹅从最初的几十只增加到如今的上万只,它们“用脚投票”,见证了这片湿地的生态蝶变。

运城市沿黄河湿地是黄河中游重要的湿地区域之一,是大天鹅在中国北方主要越冬停歇地。2012年,平陆县被中国野生动物保护协会授予“中国大天鹅之乡”称号。加之平陆县多年来对荒山、矿山的生态修复及国土绿化,使山变绿、水变清,湿地水草和底栖生物随之恢复,大天鹅不再只靠人工投喂。

从2023年起,当地推行野生动物致害补偿责任保险,涉及大天鹅损害莲菜和小麦等情况,以缓解“人鸟争地”。今年9月下旬,当地专门在栖息地附近种下40余亩小麦,目前麦苗正可供大天鹅觅食。“刚来的大天鹅不适应人类接近,有些害怕,我们准备的‘口粮田’可以让它们安心觅食。”何建喜说。

山西省还推进“一泓清水入黄河”生态保护工程,统筹山水林田湖草沙系统治理。2025年,该省PM2.5平均浓度降至30微克/立方米,黄河干流山西段连续四年保持Ⅱ类水质。

“黄河流经运城8个县市,在此拐了一个约90度的弯。”运城市规划和自然资源局生物多样性保护部主任周惠芳告诉记者,黄河中游湿地的候鸟种类和栖息地范围在不断扩大。相比以往越冬大天鹅主要集中在平陆县和芮城县,近几年河津、万荣、永济等所有沿黄县市已有大天鹅、大鸨、黑鹳、灰鹤、白鹭等多种候鸟栖息。

何建喜的感受更为直观,他见证了平陆黄河湿地从“人鸟争地”到“人退鸟进”的转变。大天鹅已成为平陆县的名片之一,每到冬季,游客络绎不绝,一些村民开起了民宿、农家乐,“保护大天鹅,已成为当地人的共识”。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 12月底平陆黄河湿地大天鹅数量将达到10000余只

    Very likely · Within weeks

  • 黄河中游湿地的候鸟种类和栖息地范围将继续扩大

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 野生动物致害补偿责任保险的具体赔付标准和资金来源是什么?
  • 40余亩小麦“口粮田”的种植成本和维护由谁承担?
  • 大天鹅数量达到10000余只后,当地湿地的承载能力是否足够?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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