
中央研究院分子生物研究所副研究員陳昇宏團隊發現,細胞透過自身排列方式形成阻擋死亡擴散的天然防火牆,細胞密度與方向決定死亡波傳播路徑,研究成果發表在國際期刊《細胞》。
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細胞死亡是生物過程中的自然現象,但若失控可能導致組織損傷。先前研究顯示鐵死亡可形成觸發波,造成大範圍細胞死亡。
細胞死亡往往像火災一樣連鎖蔓延,但是人體組織為何不會一路燒光、全數覆滅?中央研究院分子生物研究所副研究員陳昇宏率領團隊發現,細胞會透過自身排列方式,形成阻擋死亡擴散的天然「防火牆」,就像建築物設置防火區劃,阻止火勢延燒。研究更發現,細胞排列的密度與方向,能決定死亡波的傳播路徑,研究成果於昨天發表在國際頂尖期刊「細胞(Cell)」。
細胞死亡並非都是壞事,例如蝌蚪發育成青蛙時,尾巴逐漸消失,就涉及細胞死亡的調控。但如果死亡失去控制,可能造成大規模組織損傷。陳昇宏團隊2024年曾在「自然(Nature)」期刊發現,「鐵死亡」可以形成類似波浪或骨牌效應的「觸發波」,由少數細胞持續向周圍傳播,造成大範圍細胞死亡。
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鐵死亡是一種由脂質氧化引發的細胞死亡,與一般細胞凋亡不同。既然死亡波能持續擴散,人體組織究竟如何阻止?成為團隊接續研究的重要問題。
陳昇宏表示,研究人員長時間透過顯微鏡觀察細胞死亡波,第一作者為分生所博後研究學者鄭人豪與許碧領(Hannah Katrina C.Co)發現,細胞排列的密度與方向,會影響死亡波的傳播。團隊進一步確認,組織本身的空間結構,就是決定死亡波從哪裡開始、往哪個方向傳播,以及何時停止的重要因素。
陳昇宏以地圖比喻,細胞排列方式就像一張地圖,不僅能為死亡波指引路徑,也能築起阻止死亡蔓延的防線。細胞密度較低、排列不規則的區域,較容易發生鐵死亡;細胞密度較高、排列整齊的區域,則具有較強抵抗能力,甚至形成天然邊界。
研究也發現,細胞排列會改變內部脂質分布。當細胞拉長並朝相同方向排列時,容易氧化的脂質會集中在細胞兩端,使死亡波沿著排列方向前進,而非平均向四周擴散。
至於未來醫療應用,陳昇宏指出,研究團隊希望進一步利用細胞排列,理解人體組織及癌症中的死亡波傳播。例如心臟組織受損後,細胞死亡如何擴散,以及癌症轉移過程中,細胞排列是否影響死亡波,都值得深入研究。
研究目前主要以培養的人類上皮細胞為模型,未來將進一步在動物組織及人體中驗證,也將探索胚胎發育、器官損傷、退化性疾病及癌症等相關機制。陳昇宏強調,目前仍屬基礎研究,距離臨床應用尚有一段路,但已為理解及調控大規模細胞死亡提供新的研究方向。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
研究團隊將在動物組織及人體中驗證細胞排列對死亡波的影響
Likely · Within months
將探索胚胎發育、器官損傷、退化性疾病及癌症等相關機制
Possible · Within months
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