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Back特朗普促乌克兰"换总统" 泽连斯基开出对等停火条件
特朗普促乌克兰"换总统" 泽连斯基开出对等停火条件
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德国之声1 hour agoWorld6 min readChinaView translation

特朗普促乌克兰"换总统" 泽连斯基开出对等停火条件

泽连斯基提议对等停火以换取能源设施安全,扎波罗热袭击死亡人数升至23人

Quick Look

特朗普宣布解除对俄柴油制裁,泽连斯基对此严厉批评并提议以停止袭击俄炼油厂换取能源设施安全。与此同时,俄军对扎波罗热的空袭造成23人死亡,乌克兰正加强对俄石化物流的打击。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

自2月伊朗战争爆发以来,全球柴油价格上涨,成为美国中期选举的政治议题。乌克兰一直通过打击俄炼油厂以削弱俄军燃料供应。

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这场风波的导火索,是特朗普周五(10月9日)宣布与俄罗斯总统普京达成一项柴油供应协议,解除美国对俄罗斯柴油出口的制裁。据路透社报道,俄罗斯政府周六确认已部分解除柴油出口禁令。

自2月伊朗战争爆发以来,全球柴油价格急剧上涨,已成为特朗普所属共和党在下月中期选举前的一个政治包袱——届时在野的民主党有可能夺得国会一院或两院的控制权。过去数周,特朗普一直试图把油价上涨归咎于乌克兰对俄罗斯石油设施的无人机袭击。

周六,特朗普在白宫公开发难。"我认为,乌克兰是时候换一位新总统了,"他对记者说,并建议乌方"换一个能达成协议的新领导人"。他声称泽连斯基"想用柴油给我们的农场主、我们的牧场主制造麻烦"。

特朗普还就乌克兰打击俄炼油厂发出警告。"我对他说,'你想怎么做都行。别打炼油厂……'结果他出去就打了,"特朗普说。"他最好给我住手。"

特朗普的表态在莫斯科受到欢迎。克里姆林宫经济事务特使基里尔·德米特里耶夫(Kirill Dimitriev)在X上称,特朗普加入了"许多人的行列",认为乌克兰需要一个真正专注于和平的领导层。

特朗普关于战况的部分说法与独立估算存在出入。他称乌克兰"失去了30%的领土"、"超过200万人丧生";而独立估算认为俄罗斯控制的乌克兰领土比例为20%,英国国防官员近期表示约有50万名俄军士兵阵亡,乌方死亡人数则无可靠的最新估计。

泽连斯基对白宫作出了迄今最严厉的批评之一。他把美国解除对俄柴油制裁,与俄罗斯周六对扎波罗热的致命袭击直接联系起来。

"今天,俄罗斯以向扎波罗热的居民楼投下五枚滑翔炸弹,表达了对柴油出口制裁被解除的感谢,"泽连斯基说。"昨夜再次证明,俄罗斯把任何压力的放松,都视为一个信号——以为自己可以继续打下去……我们需要的是不一样的信号。"

基辅方面敦促华盛顿向莫斯科施压,推动认真谈判,以结束这场已持续四年半的战争。美国国会也有议员批评该协议,其中包括特朗普的共和党同僚、众议员唐·培根(Don Bacon)。他表示,现在应该实施更多制裁,而不是解除制裁。分析人士还指出,该协议不太可能带来持续走低的油价,因为相关出口量仍远低于俄炼油厂未受攻击时的通常水平。

周日(10月11日),泽连斯基作出正式回应。他在社交媒体上表示,如果俄罗斯停止袭击乌克兰的能源基础设施,乌克兰愿意停止对俄罗斯炼油厂的远程打击。

"今天就能停止对能源设施的打击,但普京不想这么做,"泽连斯基说。"任何降级举措都必须是相互的,并须伴有切实的保障。"他重申,只有在一项可执行的、能在冬季来临前保护乌克兰国内电力和供暖电网的双边协议框架内,才可能暂停深入打击。

炼油厂袭击问题,已成为基辅与华盛顿之间的核心摩擦点。美国官员一直敦促乌克兰单方面停止打击,以缓解对国际油价的压力;而乌克兰官员一贯拒绝单方面克制,理由是削弱俄罗斯炼油设施能直接限制前线俄军的燃料供应,并减少支撑其战争的国家收入。

泽连斯基提出对等停火之际,乌克兰正加强对俄罗斯全境下游石化物流的拦阻行动。据基辅邮报报道,10月10日夜间,乌克兰国防军再次打击了位于俄罗斯萨马拉(Samara)州的萨马拉线性生产调度站(LVDS)。这个石化枢纽负责配制出口级乌拉尔(Urals)原油,并向俄军供应成品油。此前的10月7日,一次精确打击已摧毁该设施的四个大容量原油储罐。

这场不对称行动还打击了纵深后勤设施,包括罗斯托夫(Rostov-on-Don)的"南俄"(Yug Rusi)石油码头,以及多个州的企业数据中心。

在政策争论交锋的同时,俄罗斯的轰炸仍在持续。泽连斯基证实,扎波罗热一栋居民公寓楼遭制导炸弹袭击后,搜救行动于周日上午结束,最终死亡人数升至23人,其中包括4名儿童。救援人员清理了320吨废墟。遇难者中有一名6岁女孩,她的祖父阿纳托利·楚姆尼(Anatoliy Chumniy)在遗体旁含泪说:"她的生日本该在月底。"

这是本周乌克兰遭遇的第三起大规模伤亡袭击。此前的周三和周四,俄罗斯袭击已造成近80名平民死亡,其中至少30人在东部驻军城市克拉马托尔斯克(Kramatorsk)遇难,另有22人在普里卢基(Pryluky)镇被导弹炸死。

泽连斯基通报,过去七天,俄军对乌克兰发射了约1450枚制导航空炸弹、75枚各型导弹,以及超过1640架攻击型无人机,其中约60%是专门挑战低空防空网络的高速涡喷无人机。

泽连斯基表示,周日全天都安排了与欧洲领导人的接触,以协调追加的防空装备。据路透社报道,英国首相安迪·伯纳姆(Andy Burnham)周六已与泽连斯基通话,表示英国将强化对俄制裁,两人将在未来几天会晤。

此外,在最新袭击发生前,乌克兰和欧洲官员周五曾在迈阿密与美国谈判代表会谈,旨在拟定结束战争的共同提案。但普京在与特朗普通话后称,鉴于乌克兰对莫斯科的无人机袭击,立即恢复和谈的可能性不大。据俄罗斯塔斯社报道,美国谈判代表史蒂夫·威特科夫(Steve Witkoff)和贾里德·库什纳(Jared Kushner)可能在未来两周内访问莫斯科。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 英国与乌克兰将在未来几天举行会晤讨论制裁

    Very likely · Within days

Open Questions

  • 美俄柴油协议的具体执行细节为何?
  • 泽连斯基的对等停火提议是否会得到俄方响应?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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