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Back韓國智障女性長期遭院長性侵案:受害者終於敢於發聲
韓國智障女性長期遭院長性侵案:受害者終於敢於發聲
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BBC中文1 hour agoCrime3 min readChinaView translation

韓國智障女性長期遭院長性侵案:受害者終於敢於發聲

Quick Look

韓國智障女性徐美賢在仁川色動院長期遭院長金某性侵,近十年來默默忍受,直至2025年2月頭部受傷後才向母親揭露。法院判處金某15年監禁,但上訴中。案件暴露殘障人士照護制度的系統性失效,引發全國關注與抗議,政府已對全國1507間殘障設施展開檢查,發現33宗疑似虐待個案。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

韓國在2011年曾因《熔爐》電影引發社會震動,加強對殘障人士性侵的法律保護,但色動院案顯示制度執行仍有嚴重漏洞,虐待行為在監督機構例行檢查下仍持續近十年。

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作者,文畯阿(Juna Moon)

角色,BBC韓語記者

發表 3 分鐘前

閱讀時間: 5 分鐘

「我內心一直很痛苦,所以我來講出我的故事。」

這是(Seo Mi-hyeon;音譯)第一次對警方說的話。

由於患有智障,徐美賢難以組織較長的句子,只能透過簡短的詞語和手勢溝通。但對於自己遭受侵犯的經歷,她的記憶卻十分清晰。

她是韓國(南韓)一所公營照護機構的三名院友之一。該機構院長性侵她們,這宗案件震驚全國,也引發外界對國家為身心障礙人士提供照護制度的嚴重質疑。

本月稍早,首爾一家法院判處該院長15年監禁。由於司法規定,他僅以姓氏金(Kim)公開身分。金某已就定罪提出上訴。

距離徐美賢首次向母親揭露自己遭受侵犯一事,至今已近兩年,法院才作出上述裁決。

為保護身分,我們更改了徐美賢以及本文中另一名受害者的姓名。

「我只能默默忍受」

徐美賢自2016年起入住為智力障礙人士提供照顧服務的院舍色動院(색동원;Saekdongwon)。

這間機構位於仁川,所有營運開支均由政府資助,目前仍有約33名住戶居住,儘管因本案而被要求關閉。

據徐美賢稱,在她入住後不久,虐待便開始了。金某會在夜間或凌晨前往她的房間強姦她。

徐美賢透過其律師高恩瑩(고은영;Ko Eun-young)表示,院舍內沒有任何成年人士可讓她傾訴遭受虐待的情況,又稱她覺得其他職員也不會幫助她。院舍方面未有回應這項指控。

這樣的生活持續了將近10年,直到2025年2月案件曝光。當時徐頭部受傷。

她表示,那是在金某一次試圖性侵她時發生的。她用雙手阻擋他,結果他向她擲出一個玻璃杯。

她的律師向法院表示,院舍是在徐美賢頭部傷口縫合後,才把她送往醫院並通知其母親有關事件。

根據徐美賢的律師所稱,徐美賢的母親曾要求查看閉路電視畫面,以查明女兒如何受傷,但院舍拒絕了,表示無權向她提供相關影像。

因此,她的母親把她接回家,並決定讓她退出院舍。直到徐美賢被告知毋須再返回院舍後,她才向母親揭露遭受性虐待的情況,而其母隨後向警方報案。

徐美賢透過律師向BBC表示:「因為有人告訴我,我不用再回到色動院,所以我覺得可以安全地說出來了。」

當被問及多年來如何獨自承受這一切時,她回答說:「我只是忍耐著。」

警方其後擴大調查徐的指控範圍,並將調查對象延伸至其他住戶。

警方發現至少另外兩名疑似受害者,其中包括李美娜(Lee Mi-Na)。她表示,自己在坐在馬桶上時亦曾遭金某強姦。

本月稍早,一名法官裁定三名受害人的證詞均可信。

金某因強姦李美娜與徐美賢而被判監15年,較檢察官原先求處的刑期少五年。他否認所有指控,並已就裁決提出上訴。

至於第三名受害人,金某被裁定犯下較輕的性暴力罪行。法官表示,涉及她的強姦指控被撤銷,原因是未能找到確鑿證據證明「使用了使受害人無法反抗的武力或威脅」。

由殘障人士權益團體及其他公民團體組成的聯合應對委員會批評這項裁決,表示受害人是否有能力反抗襲擊,不應影響其案件所獲得的裁定結果。

該委員會亦批評調查過程,認為當局未能辨識出更多潛在受害者。

去年11月,在最初的虐待指控出現後,江華郡地方政府委託又石大學(Woosuk University)團隊,對色動院住戶進行深入評估。

該報告其後作為證據提交法庭。報告指出,有跡象顯示更多住戶,至少10人,可能曾遭金某性侵。

但在審訊期間,法庭並未處理這項發現。

根據當地媒體報道,由於大部分住戶均有嚴重殘障且面臨溝通困難,警方在訪問院舍住戶時,難以查明相關虐待指控的具體細節。據報部分住戶的回答與提問無關,亦有人完全沒有作出回應。

金某未有回應有關他可能曾虐待更多住戶的指控。

率領又石大學研究團隊的全智秀教授(전지수 교수는;Prof Jeon Ji-su)向BBC表示,調查人員僅接受「能夠以完整句子描述虐待情況者的陳述」。

但維權人士表示,這種依賴口頭證詞的做法,導致警方未能將一些有較大溝通困難的住戶辨識為受害者。

韓社會障碍人性暴力相談中心(Hansahoe)的白仁成(백인성;Baek In-seong)表示:「如果受害人表達自身經歷的方式與我們預期不同,國家是否更應努力聆聽他們的聲音?」

警方則表示:「雖然個別個案中可能存在不足之處,但不應因此將其視為整體調查工作的代表。」

人權團體亦批評那些為金某求情的人士與機構。

據稱,在判決前,共有13份要求從輕量刑的請願書提交法院。其中一份來自某社會福利機構,請求法院考慮「被告對福利界的貢獻」。

福利倡議組織 Gyeol 譴責提交請願書的機構,表示:「過去在福利領域的服務,並不能使任何人免於承擔責任。」

法官在裁定金某罪成時指出,其罪行「尤其令人不齒」,因為「儘管他在專業職責上有責任保護及支持(受害人)的權利和利益,並防止虐待發生,但他卻利用與受害人之間權力不對等的關係,以滿足自己的性慾」。

公眾關注與抗議活動

此案震驚了許多韓國民眾,並引發外界質疑,為何相關虐待行為未能在一開始就被阻止。更令人震驚的是,事件發生於韓國在2011年加強保護殘障人士免受性侵法律之後。

當年,一部名為《熔爐》的劇情電影上映。該片改編自一宗發生在聾啞兒童學校的真實性侵案件。在公眾高度關注和抗議聲浪下,涉事學校最終被關閉,並促成更嚴格法例的制定。

這些措施包括增設針對殘障人士性犯罪的更細緻罪名分類、加重對院舍主管及員工犯罪的刑罰,以及取消部分涉及殘障受害者強姦案件的追訴時效限制。

然而,在色動院案中,儘管負責監督該院舍的地方主管機關江華郡持續進行例行檢查,虐待行為仍然持續發生。

一名郡政府官員向BBC表示,這類檢查主要集中於文件審查,只有在出現特定問題時才會與住戶面談。

該官員表示,當局亦曾設有外部監察小組,但從未接獲職員提交任何相關報告,並對當局未有更深入檢視院舍情況表示遺憾。

曾協助部分色動院受害者的全國女性障碍人暴力被害支援相談所及保護施設協議會(전여상보협;全女傷保協)代表趙河(조하;Jo Ha)表示,她接觸過的一些家屬早已懷疑院舍內存在虐待情況,但感到無力提出質疑。

對這些家庭而言,離開院舍意味著必須自行承擔全部照顧責任,因為要找到其他安置機構並不容易。

一項由殘障人士住宿設施住戶家長全國協會進行的調查發現,成功獲得住宿院舍名額的人當中,約60%至少等待了三年,凸顯取得合適照顧服務的困難。

又石大學認知科學研究所所長金潤泰教授(Prof Kim Yoon-tae)指出,這類院舍對住戶的日常生活擁有極大控制權,從吃什麼、睡在哪裡,到獲取醫療服務的機會,甚至是否獲准外出,都受到院舍決定。

趙河補充說,色動院之所以被視為「具有指標性的案件」,是因為虐待規模之大及持續時間之長,但這並非孤立事件。

2023年,上訴法院維持原判,一名院舍工作人員因於前一年在永川市(Yeongcheon)一間機構內強姦或性侵兩名智障女性,被判監禁八年。

另一起發生於安城市(Anseong)的案件中,一名照顧院舍工作人員近日因於2022年多次強姦一名身心障礙女性住戶,被判監禁六年。

趙河表示:「身心障礙女性所遭受的暴力並非個人問題。」

她說:「這是一種結構性暴力,由性別、殘障、機構收容制度、貧窮及社會孤立等多重因素相互交織而形成。」

「我們想在平靜中生活」

自案件曝光以來,韓國總理已下令成立跨部門應對小組,並形容事件「事關重大,甚至令人質疑國家存在的根本理由」。

今年4月,政府表示已對全國1,507間殘障人士住宿設施進行檢查,並發現33宗疑似虐待個案。截至目前,其中8宗已展開調查。

然而,在剩餘住戶完成安置及獨立生活安排之前,院舍關閉措施將暫緩執行。

當被問到離開色動院後最大的改變是什麼時,徐美賢表示:「我只是感到平靜。我每天都很開心。」

她又表示,最好的事情是能夠在自己想吃飯和想睡覺的時候,自由地進食和休息。

她目前最希望的是「徹底與院長斷絕關係,再也不要與他有任何瓜葛」。

但徐美賢補充說,殘障人士仍然需要一個能夠讓他們感到安全的地方。

她說:「我希望能有一個沒有性暴力的院舍,讓像我們這樣的身心障礙人士能夠平靜地生活。」

若您感到痛苦、絕望,需要支援,請考慮向醫療專業人士或支援機構尋求協助。若您身處英國,可瀏覽BBC Action Line。

其他支援機構資訊:

中國大陸(+86):全國婦聯熱線 12338;白絲帶公益熱線 4000110391

台灣(+886):衛生福利部保護服務司專線 113;現代婦女基金會台北性侵害防治服務專線 (02) 77285098 分機7

香港(+852):風雨蘭熱線 2375 5322;東華三院芷若園 18281;明愛朗天計劃 3104 1221

澳門(+853):聖公會24小時性侵犯支援輔導熱線 6533 9608

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 政府將對全國殘障人士住宿設施進行全面改革,加強員工背景審查與監控機制。

    Likely · Within months

  • 金某的上訴過程將延長司法程序,但原判15年監禁不太可能被完全推翻。

    Possible · Within months

  • 更多受害者將出來作證,尤其是那些溝通困難但曾遭侵犯的住戶。

    Possible · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 為何地方政府的例行檢查未能及時發現虐待行為?
  • 是否有其他工作人員涉及類似犯罪但未被起訴?
  • 受害者是否能獲得足夠的心理與生活支援以重建生活?
  • 政府對全國殘障設施的檢查是否會導致實質性改革?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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