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Back多國制裁監督小組報告:北韓透過外派勞工規避制裁,資助核武計畫
多國制裁監督小組報告:北韓透過外派勞工規避制裁,資助核武計畫
Politics
自由时报1 hour agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

多國制裁監督小組報告:北韓透過外派勞工規避制裁,資助核武計畫

11國組成的監督小組指出,北韓仍有逾10萬名勞工在海外工作,主要集中於中國與俄羅斯,並參與軍用無人機生產。

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由美、日、韓等11國組成的多國制裁監督小組發表報告,指北韓無視聯合國決議,持續向海外派遣勞工賺取外匯,資助其核武與飛彈計畫。目前估計有3.5萬至10萬名勞工,主要分佈於中國與俄羅斯,部分更參與俄國軍用無人機生產。

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Why It Matters

聯合國安理會決議要求會員國在2019年底前遣返所有北韓勞工,以切斷北韓核武計畫的資金來源。然而,多國制裁監督小組報告指出,目前仍有大量北韓勞工在海外工作。

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美國、日本、南韓等11國組成的「多國制裁監督小組」(Multilateral Sanction Monitoring Team)16日發表報告,指北韓透過輸出勞工規避聯合國制裁,賺取外匯用於發展核武、飛彈計畫。目前在全球有多達10萬名外派勞工,大多數在中國和俄羅斯,其中有些在俄羅斯生產軍用無人機。

南韓韓聯社、前鋒日報(The Korea Herald)報導,這份最新報告指出,聯合國安理會決議要求聯合國會員國,最晚2019年底遣返北韓勞工,但是至今北韓仍持續向多國派出勞工,估計規模少則3萬5600人,最多達10萬1280人。

報告說,「儘管安理會2397號決議要求2019年遣返的最後期限,至少17國被懷疑仍持續留用(北韓)勞工,去年創造的外匯收入在4億5000萬到8億美元之間(約143億到254億台幣),為北韓非法的核武和飛彈計畫提供資金」。

根據這份報告,北韓勞工第一大輸入國為中國,估計目前有2萬到7萬人,集中在邊境省份,從事紡織、水產、電子和資訊等產業工作;到去年底為止在俄北韓外勞有1萬5000名到3萬人,其中一部份參與俄國軍用無人機生產。每一名在俄北韓勞工每年平均薪資約7500美元,依產業不同,其月薪可能比在中國北韓勞工高5倍。

報告指出,這些北韓外勞在外國獲得的收入,估計80%到90%都被北韓政府沒收,有些案例沒收金額甚至超出勞工實際收入,使其負債累累。北韓通常透過學生、訓練或技術交換計畫名義,派出這些勞工;2025年俄國發給北韓人的簽證,98%是學生簽證。

韓聯社報導指出,在北韓與俄羅斯持續強化合作下,預計北韓勞工人數將進一步增加。俄羅斯因烏俄戰爭面臨勞動力短缺,近期也有北韓勞工被派至俄烏邊境地區的重建工作現場。

多國制裁監督小組成員國發表聯合聲明,譴責北韓將海外勞工工資用於非法核武、飛彈開發計畫,並敦促所有聯合國會員國加強重視此事,並追究責任,也呼籲聯合國安理會恢復北韓制裁委員會專家小組。

Open Questions

  • 未來聯合國將如何針對持續留用北韓勞工的國家採取行動?
  • 俄羅斯與北韓在勞工合作上的具體軍事技術轉移細節為何?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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