
被誉为植物界“大熊猫”的崖柏曾被宣布“野外灭绝”,重庆开州通过攻克人工繁育难题、建立国家林木种质资源库,累计培育苗木超300万株并实现157万株野外回归,其保护实践近日荣获“全球生态修复与保护范例奖”。
AI-generated summary
崖柏曾于1998年被世界自然保护联盟宣布“野外灭绝”,一年后在重庆开州雪宝山被重新发现。开州自2013年起启动拯救繁育工作。
中新网重庆11月2日电 题:植物界“大熊猫”崖柏“重生”记:从“野外灭绝”到百万苗木归林
作者 梁钦卿
大巴山深处,重庆市开州区国有马云林场的崖壁之上,崖柏虬枝盘曲、苍劲挺立。
被誉为植物界“大熊猫”的崖柏,曾受气候变化和人类活动影响一度难觅踪迹。1998年,世界自然保护联盟宣布崖柏“野外灭绝”;一年后,这一古老物种在重庆开州雪宝山被重新发现,彼时野生种群不足1万株。
作为崖柏的重要原生分布地,开州扛起种质保存、繁育攻关与野外回归的重任。近日,中新网走进重庆市开州区崖柏国家林木种质资源库,只见用不同方式繁育的崖柏幼苗在智能化育苗大棚里分区排列,科研人员正逐一测量苗高、地径,系统记录生长数据。
该资源库负责人黄吉勇介绍,雪宝山高海拔地区的斜坡地带是崖柏天然群落的主要分布区。崖柏生境贫瘠恶劣,现存野生植株老龄化突出、结实能力偏弱,若不攻克繁育难题,即便实施就地保护,野生种群也难以摆脱灭绝风险。
此前,崖柏的人工繁育并无先例可循。当地联合中国林业科学研究院研究团队反复试验,最终摸索出种子育苗、优树扦插育苗两条技术路径,打通崖柏人工扩繁的堵点。
随着扦插生根技术不断突破,种苗短缺的瓶颈逐步打破。如今,崖柏国家林木种质资源库已建成11个智能化育苗大棚,配套建成繁育实验室、综合利用实验室和自动化轻基质生产车间,具备年出圃各类珍稀濒危苗木100万株的能力,可稳定开展崖柏扦插繁育。自2013年启动拯救繁育工作以来,开州累计培育崖柏实生苗、扦插苗300余万株。
“保护不是简单封存物种,最终目标是让它重返山野、自然繁衍。”黄吉勇说,资源库已对马云林场7900余株野生崖柏普查建档、编号挂牌,悉心守护这份珍贵的遗传家底。从2015年启动野外回归至今,开州累计在适宜生境栽植崖柏157万株,回归面积达1.16万余亩;早期定植苗木长势稳定,部分个体已能在原生环境下自然更新。
为守住崖柏的“遗传密码”,科研团队构建起“原地+迁地+设施”三重保护体系:在重庆开州、城口及四川宣汉等原产地设立保存林和监测样地;在全国20个省份建立80多个迁地保护试验基地,移栽幼苗1.6万株,开展跨区域适应性栽培试验,平均成活率达85%。崖柏正成为不少生态脆弱区域植被修复的新选择。
在科研保护的基础上,开州依托资源库推动生态价值向经济价值转化。当地遵循“保护优先、科学利用”原则,有序发展崖柏精深加工、研学文创、生态文旅等新业态。黄吉勇介绍,科研人员已从崖柏中检出500余种成分,具有较高的药用与保健开发价值,当前已研发出崖柏精油、线香等高附加值产品10余种,未来将在精深加工方面挖掘应用潜力。
这份来自大巴山的生态答卷也收获了国际认可。2025年11月,在瑞士日内瓦举行的第20届全球人居环境论坛年会上,开州区“崖柏保护与可持续利用的成功实践——破解植物界‘大熊猫’繁育的世界级难题”项目,荣获“全球生态修复与保护范例奖”,为全球濒危植物系统性保护贡献了地方经验。
巴山苍苍,崖柏常青。从被宣告“野外灭绝”到百万苗木归山,再到经济价值有序转化,崖柏的重生之路,正是长江上游生物多样性保护的生动缩影。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
未来将在精深加工方面挖掘应用潜力,开发更多高附加值产品。
Likely · Within years

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