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Back央行理監事會議曝光!兩理事促升息、是否陷「低利率陷阱」掀論戰
央行理監事會議曝光!兩理事促升息、是否陷「低利率陷阱」掀論戰
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

央行理監事會議曝光!兩理事促升息、是否陷「低利率陷阱」掀論戰

台灣是否陷入「低利率陷阱」,引發央行理事交鋒!

Quick Look

中央銀行公布第三季理監事會議紀錄,13位理事支持利率維持不變,但有兩名理事主張升息,引發是否陷入低利率陷阱的交鋒。

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Why It Matters

台灣央行利率已連續10季維持不動,引發外界對低利率政策的討論與理事間的辯論。

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央行理監事會議曝光!兩理事促升息。

台灣是否陷入「低利率陷阱」,引發央行理事交鋒!中央銀行公布第三季理監事會議紀錄,有13位理事支持利率維持不變、兩名理事主張升息。其中一人認為,應把握經濟成長強勁的時機,導正過低利率,讓台灣脫離低利率陷阱;另位理事則反駁,台灣通膨控制良好、經濟持續成長,目前政策利率已是2009年以來最高,並無低利率陷阱或貨幣政策正常化的問題。

台灣利率已經連續10季維持不動,但並非全數理事意見一致。第二季、第三季均有兩位理事主張應該升息。其中一位主張推動貨幣政策正常化的理事指出,現在升息不是為了抑制景氣波動,也不是要對抗通膨,而是導正過低利率,維持貨幣政策中性立場,並兼顧經濟穩定。

該名理事認為,台灣經濟成長表現強勁,但通膨風險仍存,例如居住類CPI仍居高;本、明年1年期定存實質利率仍為負值,可能隱含相對於中性實質利率,當前貨幣政策有些過於寬鬆。此外,央行28天期定存單利率,也是主要國家中1個月期利率最低者。

該名理事也從「通膨不平等」角度指出,低所得家庭支出集中於必需品,替代能力有限,較難調整消費結構,因此承受較重的通膨負擔,這也是推動貨幣政策正常化的理由。

不過,另位理事提出不同看法,指出日本過去長期陷入通縮、經濟成長停滯,並長期採取零利率甚至負利率政策,近年才逐步升息、邁向正常化;反觀台灣,長期通膨控制良好、經濟持續成長,政策利率均為正值,目前更已是2009年以來最高,應無低利率陷阱。

該名理事強調,政策利率是否偏低、是否需要調整,應視通膨是否控制良好,不能僅看名目利率高低,或以實質利率是否為負值作為依據。今年1至8月台灣平均CPI年增率為1.84%,通膨壓力仍屬可控,反映當前政策利率水準尚屬合宜。

針對實質利率,該名理事進一步指出,今年以來主要經濟體及台灣的實質利率多為負值,台灣仍高於歐元區、瑞士、美國及日本等經濟體。至於中性利率,台灣屬小型開放經濟體,估計更不容易,難以作為利率決策依據。

此外,央行除了利率等「價」的工具,還有選擇性信用管制、存款準備率等「量」的工具,同樣具有緊縮效果,因此不宜直接與其他國家的政策利率高低相比。

另一名主張升息的理事則擔憂,國產內銷物價及進口物價持續走升,未來可能轉嫁至CPI,應調高政策利率,減緩總合需求擴張及通膨壓力。

支持利率不變的多位理事則認為,台灣經濟成長主要集中於AI相關出口及資本支出,內需未見過熱,此時升息,恐加重未受惠於AI浪潮的傳產、中小企業及房貸戶負擔,應持續觀察物價與金融情勢。

Open Questions

  • 未來央行是否會在第四季調整利率?
  • 通膨與房市壓力是否會促使政策轉向?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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