Back香港首任行政长官董建华逝世 享寿89岁
香港首任行政长官董建华逝世 享寿89岁
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德国之声1 hour agoWorld2 min readChinaView translation

香港首任行政长官董建华逝世 享寿89岁

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香港首任行政长官董建华于2026年9月8日在香港养和医院逝世,享寿89岁。他主政时期曾推动《基本法》23条立法引发大规模抗议,后因健康原因辞职,晚年担任全国政协副主席,被视为中美交流的重要桥梁人物。

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Why It Matters

董建华是香港回归中国后的首任行政长官,1997年7月1日就职,主政期间曾面临亚洲金融危机、禽流感疫情及SARS等多重挑战,其推动《基本法》23条立法曾引发50万人大游行,后因健康原因在2005年辞职,晚年担任全国政协副主席。

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(德国之声中文网)1997年香港主权移交后的首任行政长官董建华週二(9月8日)逝世,享寿89岁。

董建华办公室週三凌晨发布声明指出,董建华週二于香港养和医院逝世,离世时由家人陪伴在侧。

中国官媒新华社週三也报道因病去世的消息,并将他形容为“一国两制”事业的杰出贡献者、著名爱国人士,以及中国共产党的“亲密朋友”。接任董建华的前香港行政长官曾荫权,透过香港“前任行政长官办公室”发表声明,缅怀董建华对香港发展的“历史性贡献”。

任内试图推动《基本法》23条立法

1997年7月1日,董建华就任香港首任行政长官,他在香港结束逾150年的英国殖民统治、著权移交中国后就任,负责推动“一国两制”在香港的初期实践。根据相关安排,香港在中国主权下享有高度自治,并维持资本主义制度。

“香港人在历史上第一次以明确的身份主宰自己的命运。”董建华在就职演说中如此表示。

他当时说:“香港特别行政区政府将竭尽全力,保持香港一贯的生活方式,维持香港的自由经济体系, 坚守法治精神,发展民主。”

6年后,董建华试图推动《基本法》第23条立法。这项拟议的国家安全法涵盖叛国、煽动叛乱等罪行,并扩大警方权力。

这项立法引发约50万人上街抗议,政府最终被迫搁置国安法案。7月1日大游行此后也成为香港每年的固定活动。

两年后,董建华以健康因素为由,在第二个任期中途辞职。但2003年的事件也为香港民主派与北京之间围绕香港未来的紧张关系升高埋下伏笔。

董建华2003年未能通过的第23条立法,最终于2024年3月在香港立法会通过并施行。

获北京“祝福”就任香港行政长官

董建华1937年7月7日出生于上海,是有“船王”之称的国际航运企业“东方海外货柜航运公司”(OOCL)创办人董浩云之子。据报道,其母亲顾丽贞也是知名船东的女儿。董建华年幼时随家人移居香港。

1990年代,他与中国领导层关系密切,包括时任中国国家主席江泽民。

外界普遍认为,董建华是北京钦点出任香港首任行政长官的人选。1996年1月,江泽民在北京大会堂走进150多名香港特区筹委会成员中,与董建华一人握手,当时被港媒形容为“众里寻他江握手”。

同年12月,董建华在400人的推选委员会中获得320票支持,击败已故前香港首席大法官杨铁梁爵士及商人吴光正等竞争对手,当选成为香港回归中国后的首任行政长官。

声望下跌

董建华上任初期曾因工作时间长而被昵称为“7-11”。但随著重大危机接连发生,他被批评政治手腕笨拙、处事优柔寡断,民望逐渐下滑,甚至被部分批评者戏称为“老懵董”。

董建华1997年上任后不久,香港便爆发禽流感疫情,这是全球首次发现人类感染该病毒。同时,亚洲金融危机席卷多国,也重创香港的经济。

董建华上任第一年曾提出每年兴建8万5000个住宅单位的目标,但这项政策很快被放弃。《南华早报》指出,至今仍有不少香港居民认为,“八万五建屋计划”是1997年后香港房价大跌的主要原因。

董建华对两场危机的应对广受批评,加上他对媒体深感不信任,限制了他改善自身形象的能力。他也多次出现政策失误,成为民众嘲讽的对象。

2002年,董建华成功连任。但隔年爆发严重急性呼吸道症候群(SARS)疫情,造成近300人死亡,重创香港经济。加上董建华试图依据香港《基本法》第23条推动国家安全立法,使他的政治声望遭受打击。2004年,香港民众再次举行大规模示威,要求直选香港行政长官及全体立法会议员。董建华站在中国共产党领导层一边,反对相关诉求。

随著香港社会的政治分歧日益加剧,北京可能意识到董建华对局势的掌控能力正在下降。董建华于2005年3月10日证实将辞职,坚称原因是健康状况恶化,而非受到北京施压。

幕后影响力

董建华卸任香港行政长官后,获北京任命为全国政协副主席,被视为具有幕后影响力的人物。

董建华与父亲董浩云长期与美国前总统老布什(George H.W. Bush)交好,董建华本人也与美国前总统小布什(George W. Bush)建立良好关系。

2012年,习近平在即将成为中国最高领导人前访问美国,董建华随行。2015年习近平访问华府时,董建华也以非正式身分加入代表团。

不过,随著中美关系日益恶化,董建华作为两国桥梁的政治影响力也逐渐减弱。

他创办的“中美交流基金会”(China-U.S. Exchange Foundation)是一个总部设于香港的非营利组织,曾向美国大学提供资助,并积极接触华府具政治影响力人士。该基金会因与中国政府关系密切而受到批评。美中经济与安全审查委员会2018年的报告指出,该基金会曾“参与影响力行动”。

Open Questions

  • 董建华晚年是否仍参与中美交流的具体事务?
  • 其家人是否会继承其在航运业的影响力?
  • 香港社会对其历史评价是否会随时间进一步分化?

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