
國立台灣大學跨領域研究團隊發現南美洲上空的水氣輸送系統「飛河」具有類似地表河川的水文結構,可分為源頭區、匯流區、出流區及平原區四種類型。研究指出,一地區的水安全不僅受當地集水區影響,也可能受數百至數千公里外上風區域的森林與土地利用狀況影響,突破傳統以地表集水區或行政疆界為治理單位的思考方式,為跨流域、跨區域及跨國的水資源與土地治理提供科學依據。
AI-generated summary
過去水資源治多以地表集水區或行政疆界為單位,但科學家近年發現大氣中存在類似河川的水氣輸送系統,稱為「飛河」,其路徑會受森林蒸散與大氣環流影響,跨越地形與國界。
河流不只在地面,天空中也有看不見的「飛河」。國立台灣大學跨領域研究團隊研究南美洲大陸上空水氣輸送,發現「飛河」具有類似地表河川的水文結構,可分為源頭區、匯流區、出流區及平原區4種類型;一個地區的水安全,不一定只由所在地表集水區決定,也可能受到數百甚至數千公里外上風區域的森林與土地利用影響,研究成果刊登於「Nature Communications」。
研究發現,不同地區對陸地水氣的依賴程度,以及關鍵上風區域並不相同,因此森林保育與土地管理的效益也需因地制宜。這也帶來不同於傳統水資源治理的思考方式:過去多以地表集水區或行政疆界作為治理單位,但飛河會跨越地形與國界,一地重要的降雨水氣來源,可能位於另一個治理區域。
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台大說明,「飛河」(aerial rivers或flying rivers)並非真的有一條河飄在天空,而是描述長時間尺度下,大氣水氣反覆出現的主要輸送路徑。水氣從海洋進入陸地後,森林的蒸散作用也會補充水氣,再隨大氣環流向下風處移動,最後形成降雨,因此上風處的森林變化,可能透過大氣水氣連結影響另一個流域,甚至另一個國家的水資源。
研究由台大地理環境資源學系助理教授翁葳、大氣科學系助理教授曾開治及土木工程學系副教授汪立本等人組成跨領域團隊,分析南美洲各地水氣來源與貢獻,建立「水分匯流曲線」,並以數學方法找出關鍵轉折點,辨識對下風處降雨最重要的「關鍵上風集雨區」,突破過去以固定百分比界定重要水氣來源區域的限制。
研究團隊指出,面對森林砍伐、土地利用及氣候變遷,水資源管理除了關注「水從哪條河流來」,也需要進一步思考「雨從哪裡來」。未來可望透過辨識飛河及關鍵上風區域,進一步整合大氣水氣與地表河川,為跨流域、跨區域及跨國的水資源與土地治理提供科學依據。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
未來將有更多國家將大氣水氣納入跨國水資源治理議題
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