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Back特朗普签署豁免令 暂缓对俄多项制裁、限制及关税
特朗普签署豁免令 暂缓对俄多项制裁、限制及关税
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德国之声1 hour agoWorld5 min readChinaView translation

特朗普签署豁免令 暂缓对俄多项制裁、限制及关税

美国总统特朗普以国家安全为由,豁免原定生效的多项对俄制裁和关税措施,引发民主党议员强烈批评。

Quick Look

美国总统特朗普周五签署行政令,以国家安全为由豁免多项对俄关键制裁和关税。白宫未立即解释原因,此举遭到民主党议员批评,称其旨在讨好普京,而俄方则对此表示欢迎。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美国国会于9月通过《林赛·格雷厄姆法案》,授权特朗普政府对俄罗斯能源买家实施严厉关税和制裁以施压莫斯科。

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美国总统特朗普周五(10月16日)签署一项行政令,以国家安全为由豁免多项原定于近期生效的多项对俄关键制裁和关税措施。内容包括对俄商品征收关税,以及对购买俄罗斯石油和天然气的行为实施处罚。

行政令写道:“根据本行政令第四条的进一步说明,我特此豁免适用《格雷厄姆法案》中规定的此类制裁、限制措施和关税。”

特朗普表示:“我已向国会提交一份证明文件,确认在当前时点发布此类豁免符合美国国家利益。”

白宫没有立即解释,特朗普决定暂缓制裁将如何服务于美国的国家利益。白宫于周五晚间在其网站上公布了这一决定,并指出,解释该决定的报告已提交国会。

根据行政令,这项豁免将持续有效,直至特朗普本人或其高级官员认定“有必要采取进一步行动”。

《林赛·格雷厄姆法案》以已故美国参议员林赛·格雷厄姆(Lindsey Graham)的名字命名。格雷厄姆是特朗普的亲密盟友,于7月去世,生前一直是相关制裁措施的主要推动者。该法案获得美国国会两党支持,并于9月通过。

该法案授权特朗普政府通过对俄罗斯石油的主要买家征收最高达100%的关税,就俄乌战争加大对俄压力。

不过,特朗普近期对莫斯科的态度日趋缓和,同时公开批评泽连斯基,甚至暗示乌克兰需更换领导人。

制裁措施旨在切断普京继续对乌作战所需的资金来源。法案还计划制裁俄罗斯官员、银行,以及帮助俄罗斯能源继续流通的“影子船队”。

这项法律授权特朗普对俄罗斯能源的五大买家,以及最积极帮助莫斯科规避能源制裁的五个国家实施制裁。这些措施可能进一步加剧美国与中国和印度之间的贸易关系紧张,两国均是俄罗斯石油的重要买家。

北京表示,中国“一贯反对缺乏国际法依据的长臂管辖”。印度则警告华盛顿,新的关税措施可能影响两国关系。

根据该法律规定,除非总统另行决定,否则关税和制裁将在法案签署后30日自动生效。特朗普在国会规定的最后期限到来前发布了豁免令。

特朗普决定豁免对俄制裁之际,距离他宣布美俄达成柴油交易也仅过去一周。特朗普当时表示,美国已同意从俄罗斯购买柴油,以期降低全球能源价格,尽管此举可能损害乌克兰。特朗普表示,俄罗斯将立即向美国和全球市场提供30多万吨柴油,同时暂停现有制裁,以便相关供应得以交付。

分析人士指出,美国中期选举临近,且美国民众已因美以对伊战争等因素导致的生活成本上升而承压。若对俄制裁生效或进一步推高油价。

共同起草对俄制裁法案的民主党参议员理查德·布卢门撒尔(Richard Blumenthal)批评特朗普的决定,称其背弃了“美国大多数民众、国会两院代表以及我们的欧洲盟友”。

布卢门撒尔说:“这些豁免与美国国家安全毫无关系,完全是为了讨好普京。”

弗吉尼亚州民主党籍众议员唐·拜尔(Don Beyer)猛烈批评特朗普此项豁免,称其向普京屈服:“特朗普最近再次向普京屈服,这不仅再次背叛了我们的乌克兰伙伴,也公然违背了国会立法的明确意图,即惩罚俄罗斯发动的非法侵略战争。”

普京的投资特使德米特里耶夫(Kirill Dmitriev)称特朗普这一豁免决定是“一个真正具有历史意义的时刻”。他在社交平台X上发文称,制裁原本可能导致俄美间所有经济合作陷入停顿。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美国与欧洲盟友及国会就对俄制裁路线展开进一步辩论

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 特朗普决定暂缓制裁将如何服务于美国的国家利益?
  • 豁免令持续的具体最终期限是多久?

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