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Back美9月非農大幅降溫 聯準會10月暫停升息預期急升
美9月非農大幅降溫 聯準會10月暫停升息預期急升
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

美9月非農大幅降溫 聯準會10月暫停升息預期急升

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美國9月非農就業人數僅增加2.9萬人,遠低於預期,失業率微升至4.2%,顯示勞動市場降溫。此數據降低了市場對聯準會10月升息的預期,但通膨仍高於目標,因此年底前升息懸念仍存。市場焦點已轉向後續通膨數據,以判斷政策走向。

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Why It Matters

美國勞動市場近月顯示降溫跡象,但通膨水準仍高於聯準會2%目標,使貨幣政策面臨就業與物價平衡的難題。

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■伊依

近一週全球金融市場主要圍繞美國利率展望與長天期公債殖利率波動。美國公債殖利率一度升至多年高點,使全球股債市場承受壓力,但隨著聯準會(Fed)官員陸續釋出較為審慎的訊號,加上美國9月就業數據明顯低於市場預期,投資人對聯準會10月再次升息的預期快速降溫。整體而言,目前市場仍處於「經濟尚未明顯衰退,但通膨仍高於目標」的環境,因此利率預期仍是影響各類資產表現的最重要變數。

美9月非農僅增2.9萬人大幅降溫 失業率小升至4.2%

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美國9月非農就業人口僅增加2.9萬人,明顯低於前月經修正後的13.3萬人,且先前月份就業數據亦遭下修,顯示企業新增聘僱的動能正在放緩。失業率則小幅升至4.2%,部分原因來自勞動參與率增加。相較過去幾個月市場擔心經濟過熱與通膨重新升溫,本次就業報告反映勞動市場正在逐步降溫,也降低聯準會短期內必須持續緊縮貨幣政策的急迫性。

聯準會官員近期談話也強化市場對10月暫停升息的預期。紐約聯邦儲備銀行行長Williams表示,現階段並沒有急於再次升息的必要;聯準會副主席Jefferson亦認為,在做出下一步政策決定之前,仍有理由觀察更多經濟數據。這與9月聯準會升息後、市場一度認為10月可能連續升息的預期出現明顯差異。目前市場對10月升息的機率已由一度超過六成,快速下降至約兩成左右。

9月非農就業人口僅增2.9萬,失業率微升至4.2%,反映企業招募動能減弱。(彭博)

就業降溫遇上通膨黏性 聯準會年底前仍有升息懸念

不過聯準會目前面對的政策難題,是就業動能開始降溫,但通膨仍高於2%目標,能源價格與服務價格亦存在上行風險。因此市場目前仍高度預期聯準會在年底前存在再次升息的可能性,顯示投資人只是將升息時點向後遞延,而非完全排除進一步緊縮。

從金融市場表現來看,就業數據公布後,美股因10月升息預期降低而獲得支撐,但債券市場仍相對震盪。美國10年期公債殖利率近期一度升至約5.34%的二十多年高點,反映市場除了關注聯準會政策之外,也正在重新評估通膨、財政支出與長期資金需求。美元整體仍維持偏強格局,而歐洲市場則受到法國財政與政治不確定性影響,使歐元承受較大壓力。換言之,即使短期升息預期下降,全球金融市場仍未完全擺脫高利率環境帶來的壓力。

美股獲支撐 美債殖利率飆20年新高

後續市場真正重要的焦點仍將回到通膨,美國後續還將公布9月消費者物價指數(CPI),及生產者物價指數(PPI)。 若通膨數據顯示物價壓力開始降溫,配合就業市場轉弱,聯準會10月暫停升息的可能性將進一步提高,市場對年底政策路徑也可能重新調整。

因此,近期市場的主軸已由「聯準會是否會在10月立即升息」,逐步轉向「通膨是否足以讓聯準會緩步升息」。非農就業報告只是降低了短期升息的急迫性,真正決定未來政策方向的仍是通膨能否持續回落。只要通膨壓力尚未明顯改善,高利率環境仍可能延續,而未來幾週公布的物價數據,將成為判斷全球金融市場下一階段方向的重要依據。

(作者為聯邦投信投資研究處襄理)

一手掌握經濟脈動 點我訂閱自由財經Youtube頻道

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 若9月美國CPI數據顯示通膨持續回落,聯準會10月將大幅度暫停升息

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 若通膨數據未見明顯改善,聯準會年底前仍有再次升息的可能性

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 9月美國CPI與PPI數據將如何影響聯準會10月政策決策?
  • 若通膨持續黏性,聯準會是否仍會在年底前再次升息?
  • 法國財政與政治不確定性對歐元及歐洲央行政策的具體影響為何?

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