
台南區農業改良場指出,暖秋乾燥氣候導致落花生生育中期小型害蟲如南斑葉蟬、薊馬、蛾類發生風險上升,南斑葉蟬可傳播簇葉病影響開花與結果,薊馬危害嫩葉與花器降低結莢率,蛾類幼蟲啃食葉片莢果嚴重時吃光葉肉,呼籲農民及早防治並參考植物保護資訊系統選用登記藥劑。
AI-generated summary
台南區農業改良場監測到暖秋乾燥氣候條件下,落花生生育中期小型害蟲發生風險上升,特別是南斑葉蟬可傳播植物菌質體導致簇葉病。
小型害蟲南斑葉蟬。(台南農改場提供)
近期暖秋氣候乾燥,正值生育中期的落花生,小型害蟲如葉蟬、薊馬、蛾類等發生風險逐漸升高,台南區農業改良場呼籲及早加強管理與預防,避免後續災情擴大,確保日後的品質與產量。
南改場提到,南斑葉蟬可媒介植物菌質體,引起簇葉病,造成落花生植株葉片變小、節間縮短、分枝變多有如掃帚,若在開花期發病,花器變成綠色葉片化,看起來好像沒有開花,罹病植株通常較矮小,又因無法正常開花及光合作用減少而使果莢生長停滯或產量減少。
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而落花生薊馬主要危害於生育初期與開花期,成若蟲銼吸心葉與花器汁液,常見症狀包括嫩葉皺縮、輕者葉片黃斑,重者葉片扭曲黃化、心梢無法展開,開花期潛移至花器危害,影響花生授粉降低結莢率與產量。
至於蛾類,其幼蟲會啃食落花生葉片、花器或鑽蛀莢果,對作物產量造成威脅;嚴重時全株葉片甚至把整株葉肉吃光,只留下葉脈,嚴重影響產量。
南改場提醒,葉蟬、薊馬及蛾類都需積極防治,以免影響花生品質與產量,防治時注意噴施葉面、葉背、心葉與花,薊馬因成蟲活躍防治時機建議傍晚最佳。防治藥劑請參考「植物保護資訊系統」,點選所種植的作物選用登記藥劑。
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